Important Vocabulary
Agents of Erosion
Hydrology
Soils
Grab Bag
100
The "breaking down" of materials into smaller pieces
What is weathering?
100
the 4 agents of erosion
What are running water, ice, wind, and gravity?
100
area of land where water from rain, melting snow, or ice drain to one place
What is a watershed?
100
the 2 components of soil
What are weathered rock and organic material?
100
the downward movement of weathered material due to gravity
What is mass movement?
200
how easily water can flow through the pores of a material
What is permeability?
200
the type of weathering in the following example:


Potholes in a road due to frequent freezing and thawing of water in cracks

What is mechanical weathering?
200
the type of water pollution in the following example (point or nonpoint):


Oil runoff from a street ending up in a nearby stream.

What is nonpoint?
200
the soil horizon that exists first when soil begins to form
What is the C Horizon?
200
unsorted sediment left by a melted away glacier
What is till?
300
parallel grooves left in rock by a passing glacier
What are striations?
300
the type of mass movement (or landslide) in the following example:


A scar (or empty spot) where a block of land used to be.

What is slump?
300
the difference between stream CAPACITY and stream COMPETENCE.
What is capacity is how much sediment a stream can carry and competence is how large of sediment a stream can carry?
300
the way of determining whether a soil is mature or not
What is if it has 3 distinct horizons?
300
how an oxbow lake forms

What is when a river/stream creates a new path for the water, depositing sediment and forming a horseshoe-shaped oxbow lake?

400
another name for the "curves" of a river or stream.
What are meanders?
400
the 3 ways in which water can transport sediment
What are in solution, suspension, and in its bed load?
400
how a stream's shape and velocity changes as it ages.
What is the stream becomes more curvy and slows down as it ages?
400
the difference between residual soil and transported soil
What is residual is soil whose parent material is directly under it, and transported has parent material from somewhere else?
400
2 part answer:


1. As sediment size increase, porosity and permeability ________________

2. A poorly-sorted sample of sediment will have a ____________ porosity than well-sorted.

What is:


1. increases

2. lower

500
permeable layer of rock and sediment that stores and carries water for people to use
What is an aquifer?
500
the general location on a meandering river where erosion is happening most and WHY.
What is on the outside of the meander where water is moving the fastest?
500
how caves are formed underground (2 steps)
What is:

 1. Acid rain seeps into ground

2. Limestone dissolves over thousands of years leaving caverns

500
the correct order in which the soil horizons form (this isn't as easy as you think!)
What is C, O and A, then B last?
500
brief description of each soil horizon: O, A, B, C
What is:


O- organic matter

A- mix of organic matter and mineral matter

B- mix of sediments (sand, silt, clay)

C- slightly weathered parent material

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