The Enlightenment
What two main authority figures did the Enlightenment Challenge?
Monarchies and Religion
Who were the main two countries involved in the 7 years war?
Britain and France
Movements like Feminism and Abolitionism started to spread and become more popular due to this time period's ideas
The Enlightenment
We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.--That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed, --That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness.
How does John Locke's idea of natural rights appear in the DOI?
By stating that all men are created equal and entitled to rights like life, liberty, and pursuit of happiness.
Why was the Third Estate dissatisfied with the structure of French society before the revolution?
First and second estate were exempt from taxes and they had a lot land and wealth, leaving the third estate at a disadvantage.
What was the book called that helped advance the enlightenment and spread its ideas?
The Encyclopedia
Who won the 7 years war?
Britain
The justice of nations requires the destruction of slavery. We have shown that this destruction will harm neither commerce nor the wealth of a nation because it would not result in any decrease in agricultural production. We have shown that the master has no right over his slave; that the act of keeping him in servitude is not a property right but a crime; that freeing the slaves is not an act that attacks property, but rather it addresses a crime that should have been punishable by law.
Based on the paragraph what idea was the author supporting?
Abolition of slavery
Daily Double! A chance to earn and take away double the points that the question is listed as
How did the success of the American Revolution influence revolutionary movements in other parts of the world?
It showed people that getting rid of a monarchy was possible so more revolution movements like the French and Latin American revolutions followed.
In the following image I will show shortly, Explain who each figure is in the image and explain what the rock represents
People on top of the rock: 1st and 2nd estate
Rock: Taxes and labor
Person under rock: 3rd estate
Describe two Enlightenment ideas we have learned in class
Social contract theory, Skepticism, Individual rights, reason, progress
Why is the 7 years war also known as "World war 0"
Because fighting took place in NA, Europe, India, and Atlantic ocean.
"Liberty and justice consist of restoring all that belongs to others; thus, the only limits on the exercise of the natural rights of woman are perpetual male tyranny; these limits are to be reformed by the laws of nature and reason."
Olympe de Gouges, French feminist, Declaration of the Rights of Woman and the Female Citizen, 1791
What time period did ideas such as this stem from?
The Enlightenment
The Constitution of the United States is the supreme law of the land, creating a government divided into three branches to balance power. The Legislative Branch (Congress) makes the laws and is split into two parts: the Senate, where each state has equal representation, and the House of Representatives, where representation is based on population. The Executive Branch, led by the President, enforces the laws, commands the military, and manages relationships with other nations. The Judicial Branch, headed by the Supreme Court, interprets the laws, resolves disputes, and ensures they follow the Constitution.
Where is Montesquieu’s idea of the separation of powers most reflected in the structure of the U.S. Constitution?
The division of the government into 3 separate parts so none of them become too powerful.
Article 7. The exercise of civil rights is independent of the quality of citizen, which is only acquired and preserved conformably to the constitutional law. Article 8. Every Frenchman shall enjoy civil rights [i.e., the ones from the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen]. Property [abolishing feudalism] Article 544. Property is the right of enjoying and disposing of things in the most absolute manner, provided they are not used in a way prohibited by the laws or statutes. Article 545. No one can be compelled to give up his property, except for the public good, and for a just and previous indemnity. Article 546. Property in a thing, whether real or personal, confers a right over all which it produces, and over all connected with it by accession, whether naturally or artificially. What were some of the laws that were passed under the Napoleonic Code that show that Napoleon was influenced by the Enlightenment?
What two enlightenment ideas are portrayed in the above text?
establishment of Uniform laws to make all citizens equal, protection of property rights.
What did Enlightenment leaders want people to start doing?
To start thinking for themselves and using their own reasoning. Not following traditional authority. Making progress in the world.
Why did Britain and France decide to fight each other? Name two reasons
To gain more political influence, gain more territory, and in NA to control the fur trade.
"I think we should continue to emphasize the history and culture of the West, while encompassing the rest, because the West has in fact made the world we know. Anyone who wants to participate in the world community in the coming century had better know how and why the West has defined, and will continue to define, world civilization. Why do I say that? Because everybody wants what we have: science and technology, prosperity, and democracy-that is, our philosophy, our economics, our politics. It is the simple truth that science and technology emerge out of Western philosophy.
What time period did these Western Philosophes mentioned in the paragraph come from?
The Enlightenment
What was a long-term global impact of documents like the U.S. Constitution and French documents like the Napoleonic code on other nations governments? t
They were models for other countries to look at for ideas about Representative democracies and individual rights.
How did the French Revolution influence the development of nationalism in France?
The Revolution helped the French people form a sense of national identity as one, even though there were periods of division in the revolution.
Name three things Enlightenment ideas would go on to influence
Revolutions against monarchies, government documents, equal rights movements like feminism
How would the 7 years war go on to hurt the American colonists and French citizens?
The debt that Britain and France led to increased taxes on common people
The late-eighteenth- and early-nineteenth-century revolutions in both Europe and the Americas lead to the rise of this idea focusing on the unity of people.
The Emergence of Nationalism and nation-states
"But when a long train of abuses and usurpations, pursuing invariably the same Object evinces a design to reduce them under absolute Despotism, it is their right, it is their duty, to throw off such Government, and to provide new Guards for their future security.--Such has been the patient sufferance of these Colonies"
Why can the DOI be considered a "radical" document for its time?
It rejected divine right and declared the people had the right to overthrow oppressive governments.
What are two similarities as far as laws in The Napoleonic code and the French Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen?
Protection of Property, Equal rights for men, Justice and fairness in law