Cause of Imperialism
How does belief in European superiority affect the cause of Imperialism?
European nationalism
Social Darwinism
Christian missionary activity
How does states take control from the European company effect Imperialism?
Belgium seizing the Congo from King Leopold
Dutch seizing East Indies from Dutch East India Company
What are the new export economies?
Guano from Chile and Peru
Cattle from S America and Australia
Cotton from India and Egypt
Rubber from Amazon and Congo Basin
Palm oil from W Africa
Ivory from elephants in W Africa
Minerals like silver from Mexico, copper from Chile, tin from Bolivia and Niger, and gold from S Africa
Diamonds in world from West and Southern Africa
What was the definition of Social Darwinism?
Theory adapted from Charles Darwin’s ideas on evolution to claim that whites and those from white countries had biological superiority over others
What were the Opium wars?
The series of wars between china and Britain over chinas aversion to British opium being sold in china (1839-42, 1856-60
How does the desire for expanding profits affect the cause of Imperialism?
European industrialization created demand for:
-raw materials
-cheap labor
-new markets for goods
Desire for trade monopolies, such as Dutch and British East India Companies
How does direct control of new territory effect Imperialism?
Britain -Egypt and Suez Canal, India, Southern Africa
France -North Africa, Indochina
Dutch-Indonesia
U.S.- Philippines, Cuba, Hawaii
Japan- Korea, parts of China
Russia- Poland, Afghanistan
What were the economic Imperialism in the year 1750 - 1900?
British control of cotton/textile industry in India, Egypt
Culture system in Indonesia
Opium Wars in China
Monroe Doctrine in United States
Spain- control copper mining in Chile
Banana Republics in Central, South America
United Fruit Company
Who was King Leopold II ?
A Belgian ruler who privately owned the Congo until his power was revoked by the Belgian government due to his abuses of the Congolese (1835-1909)
What were the Chinese exclusion act and the White Australia policy?
A law signed by congress prohibiting further Chinese immigration into America (1882-1943) and A government policy trying to preserve whiteness in Australia by limiting non British immigration (1901-1970s)
What was the Berlin conference?
To end competition and fighting between European powers, they made an agreement at the Berlin Conference to divide up Africa equally amongst themselves so they could all gain access to natural resources
They would sometimes make treaties with Africa to take control, but most often used military force
How does warfare and diplomacy affect Imperialism?
Berlin Conference/Scramble for Africa=diplomacy
Many of above territories controlled through warfare
What were the economic reasons for migration?
Indentured servitude- from Asia to Americas
Coerced labor- Asian contract laborer on railroads in US
Penal colonies/convict labor- Australia
What was the Ghost Dance?
Rituals of dances and songs performed by native Americans that was believed to restore traditional ways and drive white peoples away (late 1800s)
What was the Great Famine?
Period of mass starvation and disease in Ireland due to the death of the potato crop (1845-1850)
Why did colonized states resist imperial powers?
Nationalism→ unites people to fight back against foreign takeovers (imperialism) because they want the best for their people and believe they deserve freedom and safety
Do not want to be colonized
British-Australia, New Zealand
Where can you find ethnic enclaves?
Chinese-SE Asia, Americas, Caribbean
Irish-United States
Indians-SE Asia, Africa, Caribbean
Italians-Argentina, United States
Discrimination: Chinese Exclusion Act in US, White Australia Policy
What were the Maori wars?
New Zealand native Māori against British rule due to settlers encroaching on land (1845-1872)
What was the Taiping rebellion?
A massive rebellion by peasants against the Qing dynasty’s rule in china (1850-1864)
How did Balkans resist imperial powers?
Greece & Serbia fight vs Ottoman empire & successfully gain independence
What are examples of resistance towards Imperialism?
Anti-Ottoman nationalism in the Balkans
India: Indian Rebellion 1857
Philippine revolutions
Pan-Africanism
Maori Wars in New Zealand
Samory Toure
Tupac Amaru rebellion in Peru
Yaa Asantewaa
New states: Sokoto Caliphate, Cherokee Nation
What were the raw materials from the colonies?
Cotton, rubber, palm oil, ivory
Who was Yaa Asantewaa?
A warrior queen of the Asante empire famous for her resistance against the British attempts to take over (1840-1921)
What were the spheres of influence?
Areas in china where imperial nations established exclusive trading rights