Types of Reactions
When 2 or more reactants combine to form a new compound
Synthesis
Indefinite volume and shape simplest form of matter
Gas state
a state change is a physical or chemical change
physical change
When the forward and reverse progress are happening at _________ rates, we saw that the system is in equilibrium
the same
Pressure exerted by the atmosphere (shell) that surrounds Earth
Atmospheric pressure
When the ions of two compounds exchange places in an aqueous solution to form 2 new compounds
Double replacement
Definite volume definite shape
Solids
When you remove heat energy from a liquid it:
Freezes
Factors that effect equilibirum
Concentration, pressure, and temperature
If you see STP:
temperature is ____ and pressure is ____
273K; 1atm
Most only take place when energy (in the form of heat or electricity) is added
Decomposition
Definite volume but indefinite shape
Liquid
Example is dry ice
sublimination
Pressure change only effects a reactio if the reactants and products are both in this states
Gaseous state
Which law states that the total pressure of a gas mixture is the sum of the partial pressures of the component gases? (Gay-Luccac's, Charle's, or Dalton's)
Dalton's
When one element replaces an element like it in a compound.
Single replacement
Sometimes classified as “supercooled liquids” because they retain certain liquid properties (like fluidity) even when they appear to be solids
Amorphous solids
A graph that shows pressure vs. temperature; allows us to know what phase a substance would be in at various pressures and temperatures.
A phase diagram
Reactions that overall absorb heat are
Endothermic
Which law states the pressure of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature with a constant mass and volume (Gay-Luccac's, Charle's, or Dalton's)
Gay-Lussac's
When a substance reacts with oxygen and often produces a lot of energy in the form of heat and light
Combustion
3 tenants of Kinetic-Molecular Theory
1. All matter is made of particles
2. Those particles are in constant random motion
3. This motion causes the particles to collide with each other and the container that they are in.
indicates the temperature and pressure conditions necessary for a solid, liquid, and gas of a substance to coexist at equilibrium
triple point
Adding product to a reaction at equilibrium will drive the reaction what direction
backwards/reverse
Ideal gas law shows the relationship between these 4 things:
Pressure, volume, temperature, and number of moles of a gas