DNA Structure and Replication
Name at least three people that contributed to the structure of DNA
Franklin
Watson
Crick
Chargaff
What is the direct product of transcription? (be as specific as possible)
pre-mRNA/immature mRNA
What are the three steps for translation?
1. Initiation
2. Elongation
3. Termination
What does the tryptophan operon produce?
tryptophan
Which mutation substitutes one base pair for another base pair?
substitution mutation
What is the site where replication starts called?
the origin
What are the four steps for transcription?
1. RNA Polymerase binding
2. Initiation
3. Elongation
4. Termination
What amino acid does the first tRNA always bring?
Methionine (Met)
What does the Lac operon produce?
enzymes to digest lactose (lactase)
Which mutation changes a regular amino acid for a different regular amino acid?
Missense
Which DNA strand during replication is replicated in fragments as DNA polymerase works backwards?
the lagging strand
In what direction is the mRNA built?
5' to 3'
What three bases make up the start codon?
AUG
What does the repressor protein block?
RNA polymerase
What mutation changes a regular amino acid into a stop codon and results in premature termination?
Nonsense
In what direction is the new DNA built?
5' to 3'
What are the three steps in RNA processing?
1. Add 5' cap
2. Add Poly-A tail
3. RNA Splicing
Which of the three sites in the ribosome does the polypeptide chain grow from?
the P site
True or False: "On" is the normal state for the tryptophan operon.
True
What is the process of introducing new DNA into bacterial cells?
Bacterial Transformation
What is the first enzyme involved in DNA replication?
Topoisomerase
What is the enzyme that completes RNA splicing?
Spliceosome
What binds to the A site to terminate translation?
Release factor
If there's no lactose present, will the Lac operon be in the "on" or "off" state?
Off
What process is used in labs to produce many copies of DNA, especially cDNA?
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)