Vocabulary
one cultural group gradually adopting the customs and practices of another, often leading to the loss of their original identity
What is assimilation?
A group of Native American Marines who developed and used a secret code based on Navajo language during World War II
Who are the Navajo Code Talkers?
What is one reason why bison were hunted to near extinction?
commercial gain
railroad expansion
sport and entertainment
weaken Native resistance
How did the Dawes Act directly contradict Native beliefs and philosophies regarding land ownership?
The Dawes Act contradicted Native beliefs about land ownership by dividing communal tribal lands into individual plots, forcing Native Americans to adopt private property concepts. Many Native tribes believed that land should be shared by everyone, not owned by one person. Natives who refused to adopt these beliefs, risked losing their land to white settlers.
an area of land reserved for a tribe or tribes as permanent tribal homelands
What are reservations?
An activist group that advocated for tribal sovereignty, cultural preservation, and self-determination
What is the American Indian Movement (AIM)?
List one example of Native resistance to westward expansion policies
How did the 1832 Supreme Court Case, Worcester v. Georgia, impact tribal sovereignty and land ownership?
the authority of indigenous tribes to govern themselves within U.S. borders
What is sovereignty?
battle that was a victory for Native's fight against westward expansion but led to increased U.S. military campaigns against tribes
What is the Battle of Little Bighorn?
Give an example of forced assimilation
Dawes Act & Indian Boarding Schools
The Occupation of Alcatraz, Trail of Broken Treaties, and Wounded Knee Occupation are examples of?
Protests organized by AIM
a law that divided Native tribal lands into individual allotments
What is the Dawes Act?
A mass killing of 150 Native men, women, and children that marked the end to Native resistance
How was the Dawes Act an example of forced assimilation?
Required native people to adopt private land ownership, while allowing U.S. government to sell surplus to white settlers
List one benefit and one drawback of the 1934 Indian Reorganization Act (IRA)
Benefits: ended allotment policies (Dawes Act), encourage tribes to set up own government, gave financial support, encouraged cultural preservation (ended boarding schools)
Drawbacks: original land not returned, U.S. government still had to approve tribal government, not enough money/not all tribes received same funding
a 1934 law that ended land allotment, promoted tribal self-government, and aimed to restore Native culture
What is the Indian Reorganization Act (IRA)?
Gave 160 acres of free land to encourage westward expansion
What is the Homestead Act?
Identify a method utilized by Indian Boarding Schools to assimilate Native children
Native clothing, languages, and traditions banned
English-only education and Christian teachings
Strict routines and discipline
What was the outcome of the 1980 Supreme Court Case United States v. Sioux Nation?