DNA and RNA Structure
The nitrogenous base adenine pairs with _______________ in DNA, but ______________ in RNA
What is Thymine and Uracil?
The phase of the cell cycle during which cells divide is known as this. BONUS (100): When cells are not dividing, they are in this phase.
What is MITOSIS? BONUS: What is INTERPHASE.
This organelle is responsible for building proteins.
What is the Ribosome?
Eukaryotic DNA is coiled into these highly condensed structures.
What are CHROMOSOMES?
This is when a random change in DNA sequence occurs.
What is a mutation?
The shape of DNA, first published by Watson & Crick, is described as this. BONUS (100): What is the name of the scientist whose data Watson & Crick used without permission to form their hypothesis:
What is a double helix? BONUS: Who is Rosalind Franklin?
This enzyme unwinds the DNA molecule before DNA replication.
What is Helicase?
Proteins are long chains made up of this type of molecule.
What are AMINO ACIDS?
Bacterial cells use this to regulate their genes. BONUS: Name the two types.
What is Operons BONUS: Inducible and repressible
This is when a single DNA Nucleotide is changed and it results in a premature STOP codon.
What is Nonsense mutation?
DNA is a polymer made up of Nucleotides. Name the three parts of a nucleotide.
What is a Nitrogenous base, a 5 carbon sugar, and a phosphate group?
This enzyme is responsible for adding nucleotides to the strand of DNA that is being copied during DNA replication.
What is DNA Polymerase III?
These are the two steps of protein synthesis. BONUS: Where does each step occur in prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
What are TRANSCRIPTION and TRANSLATION? BONUS: Prokaryotes- both in cytoplasm Eukaryotes- Transcription in nucleus; translation in cytoplasm
This is how Eukaryotic organisms can regulate gene expression. (There are three CA)
What is Epigentics (DNA Access Control)? What this Pre-Transcriptional Control/ What is post-Transcriptional Control?
This is when a nucleotide is added or removed.
What is a frameshift mutation?
Adenine and ___________ are both purines, while cytosine and ___________ are both pyrimidines.
What are GUANINE and THYMINE?
DNA replication occurs in this phase of the cell cycle.
What is the S (Synthesis) Phase?
This type of RNA carries amino acids to the ribosome and binds to mRNA based on its anticodon.
What is tRNA?
The addition of this group will permanently silence Gene expression of that gene
What is a Methyl Group (-CH3)?
True or false: Most mutations have negative effects
False: Most mutations have no effects on the phenotype.
A purine has __________ ring(s), while a pyrimidine has ___________ ring(s).
What is double and single?
Find the complementary strand to 5' ATGAAGTGCGT 3'
What is 3' TACTTCACGCA 5'?
Give me one way that mRNA in Eukaryotes matures before it leaves the nucleus.
What is
-adding a poly A tail on the 3' end
- a 5' Cap made of a special guanine base
-Alternative splicing
This is small, noncoding sequences of RNA that bind to complementry mRNA sequences to silence Gene expression.
What are microRNA, or miRNA?
There are different effects of missense mutations, which relies on this.
What is chemical property of the amino Acids?