Raw materials
This British mining magnate, responsible for expanding diamond mining in Africa, was also a key proponent of British imperialism.
Who is Cecil Rhodes?
The concept that imperialism was a natural, almost biological process, where stronger nations dominated weaker ones, was rooted in the ideas of this theorist.
What is Social Darwinism?
The 1898 conflict that resulted in the U.S. acquiring territories in the Pacific and the Caribbean.
What is the Spanish-American War?
This forced labor system, used extensively by European powers, required indigenous populations in colonies to work on public infrastructure projects without pay, leading to harsh conditions and widespread suffering.
What is corvee labor?
The system used by British and French colonies where workers from India and China were recruited to replace enslaved labor after abolition, often under exploitative contracts.
What is indentured servitude?
The discovery of gold and diamonds in South Africa led to this war between British imperial forces and Dutch settlers.
What is the Boer War?
European nations justified their colonization efforts by arguing they were establishing these types of economies, where colonies produced raw materials and purchased manufactured goods.
What are export-oriented economies?
The failed 1857 uprising against British rule in India, sparked by religious and cultural tensions among Indian soldiers.
What is the Sepoy Rebellion?
This South American country became heavily dependent on guano exports, a natural fertilizer, which ultimately led to environmental degradation and economic dependence on a single commodity.
What is Peru?
Millions of Italians, Irish, and Eastern Europeans migrated to the Americas in the late 19th and early 20th centuries due to a combination of difficult living conditions in their home countries. Name some
What are poverty, political unrest, and rural economic decline?
The British destroyed this South Asian industry by forcing local producers to export raw cotton while importing manufactured textiles.
What is the Indian textile industry?
What sparked the first and second Opium wars?
The First Opium War (1839-1842) and the Second Opium War (1856-1860) were both sparked by China's efforts to stop the opium trade, which was being conducted by British merchants.
The war in which Britain defeated China, forcing it to sign a treaty that ceded Hong Kong and opened trade ports.
What is the First Opium War?
The exploitation of Congolese workers under King Leopold II was largely due to European demand for this resource, essential for industrial and commercial expansion.
What is rubber?
The series of coordinated anti-Asian policies enacted in the United States, Canada, and Australia, which sought to restrict migration from East and South Asia through mechanisms like head taxes, literacy tests, and outright bans.
What are anti-Asian exclusion laws (such as the Chinese Exclusion Act, the White Australia Policy)
In the 19th century, this North African country became a major cotton exporter to Britain, leading to increased European economic control and later colonization.
What is Egypt?
The British pushed for the construction of this waterway to shorten trade routes between Europe and Asia, making colonial trade more efficient.
What is the Suez Canal?
This conflict between the Zulu Kingdom and the British Empire in South Africa resulted in the British eventually defeating the powerful Zulu resistance.
What is the Anglo-Zulu War?
The large-scale transfer of food crops, resources, and economic systems between the colonies and imperial powers, often to the detriment of native populations.
What is the global capitalist economy?
The 19th-century global event that led to large-scale migrations from China due to social unrest, famine, and political collapse, resulting in Chinese laborers migrating to Southeast Asia, the Americas, and Australia.
What is the Taiping Rebellion?
To meet the demand for rubber, Britain established massive plantations in this Southeast Asian colony, which became a leading global rubber supplier.
What is Malaya (now Malaysia)?
The system Britain used in Africa to rule through local leaders, as opposed to direct European governance.
What is indirect rule?
The rebellion in China that combined anti-foreign sentiment with mystical beliefs and was violently suppressed by an alliance of eight nations.
What is the Boxer Rebellion?
The unequal treaty signed after the Opium Wars that allowed Britain to control Hong Kong and establish "treaty ports" in China.
What is the Treaty of Nanjing?
Unlike the indentured servitude system, this labor system brought entire families from India to British-controlled plantations in Southeast Asia, where they worked under debt-based contracts.
What is the Kangani system?