Rationales & State Expansion
Advocates of this "survival of the fittest" theory argued that the spread of European & U.S. power proved the biological superiority of whites.
What is Social Darwinism?
The Indian Rebellion of 1857 was led by these soldiers employed by the British East India Company.
What are sepoys?
One agricultural product grown to be sold.
What is cash crop?
Since the Chinese weren't interested in British goods, the British began illegally selling this addictive product, which led to a war in 1839.
What is opium?
In 1845, a blight devastated this country's potato crop, resulting in a massive emigration to the U.S.
What is Ireland?
The unification of Germany & Italy illustrates this motive for imperialism, where powers saw colonies as signs of prestige.
What is nationalism?
In the hopes of pushing the British off their lands, the Xhosa killed nearly 400,000 of this animal, sadly resulting in famine and death, but not the removal of the British from South Africa.
What is cattle?
These two transportation technologies lowered the cost of transporting raw materials and helped open up colonial markets for manufactured goods.
What are railroads and steamships?
Private company that had a monopoly on trade with what is present-day Indonesia.
What is the Dutch East India Company (VOC)?
As slavery was abolished, this form of contract labor emerged, resulting in the migration of millions to colonies, often under force or deception.
What is indentured servitude?
Otto von Bismarck hosting this 1884 meeting of European powers to provide for the orderly colonization of Africa.
What is the Berlin Conference?
As the Ottomans lost territories, nationalist movements in the Balkan Peninsula resulted in the independence of several territories. Name one.
What is Serbia, Greece, Bulgaria, Romania, or Montenegro?
Indentured laborers mined for this natural fertilizer in Peru and Chile.
What is guano?
This American corporation, which traded in products like bananas, allied itself with large landowners in Latin American countries and pressured governments to maintain conditions favorable for the company.
What is United Fruit Company?
This 1882 U.S. act was borne from anti-immigration sentiment and lasted well into the 1900s.
What is the Chinese Exclusion Act?
The Sino-Japanese War was fought in 1894-95 between Japan and China for supremacy in this state.
What is Korea?
This Peruvian chief led a revolt against the Spanish that resulted in his 1781 capture and execution.
Who is Tupac Amaru II?
With the American cotton supply cut off by the Civil War, cotton farmers in other parts of the world were able to benefit from the shortages, especially India and this country.
What is Egypt?
Completed in 1869, this became the shortest maritime route from Europe to Asia.
What is the Suez Canal?
As many Africans lost their land, some migrated to South Africa to work in the these types of mines.
What is gold and/or diamonds?
This war was fought between the British and Afrikaners (Dutch-speaking) for control of South Africa.
What is the Boer War? (1880-81 & 1899-1902)
Although it would ultimately be a victory for the British, this warrior queen led an army against them in an attempt to keep the Asante Empire independent.
Who is Yaa Asantewaa?
Farmers in colonies were only allowed to raise cash crops, leading to this lack of agricultural diversity, which had, and continues to have, many environmental consequences.
What is monoculture?
This treaty required China to open up additional ports to foreigners, cede the island of Hong Kong to Britain, and pay damages. It also forced the Chinese to allow free trade.
What is the Treaty of Nanking?
Immigrants carried with them their own traditions and culture, resulting in these -- clusters of neighborhoods of people from the same foreign country.
What are ethnic enclaves?