mRNA and Codons
DNA Structure
Mutations
DNA Replication
History
100
When coding DNA into RNA, what are the rules? (A goes to _______, C goes to ______, etc.)
A=U
C=G
G=C
T=A
100
True or False: During DNA replication, both sides of the DNA are copied simultaneously.
True
100
Give an example of a silent mutation of the sequence ACGGUA
100
Which enzyme unzips the DNA during replication?
Helicase
100
What did Rosalind Franklin do?
used X-ray diffraction to take a photo of the structure of DNA
200
What is the proper mRNA strand for this DNA sequence?
ATGCGTAAG
UACGCAUUC
200
These 3 parts make up nucleotides
Phosphate group, 5 carbon sugar and a nitrogen base
200
A DNA segment is changed from -ATTAGC- to -ATTCGC-. This is a ____________ mutation.
substitution/point
200
Put the following in order in terms of the process of protein synthesis.
Transcription, DNA, Protein, Translation, RNA
DNA, Transcription, RNA, Translation, Protein
200
What did Watson and Pri...i mean....Crick do?
Built a model of DNA that was based on previous research that they took all of the credit for because they suck
300
Which of the following sequences could NOT be an mRNA codon:
1) GTG
2) AUG
3) TUC
4) UUG
3) TUC
300
DNA has two backbones that both go in a specific direction. Explain the direction that both sides go in.
One side goes in the 3' to 5' and the other is opposite, 5' to 3'
300
What type of mutation is this?
Frameshift (deletion)
300
What is an Okazaki fragment?
lagging strand sections of copied DNA that need to be linked together before completion of replication
300
What did Chargaff do? What is his rule?
Base pair rule: A=T, C=G
400
What is the amino acid sequence for this mRNA sequence?
AUG UCA GGG CGG UAA
Start - Serine - Glycine - Arganine - Stop
400
What is the difference between a purine and pyramidine?
Purines have 2 rings, Pyramidines have 1 ring
400
Name and explain all types of point mutations.
Nonsense = change amino acid
Missense = change to STOP
Silent = change a nucleotide without changing amino acid
400
What 2 structures are shown here AND where is this process taking place? (Hint: another structure)
Top = tRNA, Bottom = mRNA
Takes place in Ribosome
400
What did Griffith do?
Studied 2 strains of pneumonia and found that one strain could be transformed into the other
500
Where does mRNA start and end its journey in protein synthesis?
Start = nucleus
End = cytoplasm
500
If a DNA sample contains 23% Adenine and 27% Cytosine, what percentage of Thymine and Guanine would it have?
23% T, 27% G
500
Why is a frameshift mutation typically worse than a missense or silent mutation?
Frameshift completely changes the amino acid change which changes the protein. Proteins are specific and have specific jobs.
500
What do each of the following enzymes do during DNA replication?
1) Helicase
2) Primase
3) Polymerase
4) Ligase
1) Unzips DNA
2) Tells polymerase where to start
3) Copies DNA
4) Links okazaki fragments
500
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