Evolution
Differences among individual members of the same species are referred to as . . .
A. Variation
B. Fitness
C. Speciation
A. Variation
List the three types of isolation that lead to speciation
Temporal, Geographic, Behavioral
Natural selection is often described as "survival of the _____."
True or False: The below things are all considered to be evidence of evolution
- fossil records
- embryology
- similar body structure
TRUE
In this forest some trees have light bark and some have dark bark. There is a species of moths that comes in two colors, light and dark.
What do you predict would happen to the moths if pollution made all of the trees LIGHT COLORED?
The light colored moths would survive and the dark colored moths would not survive.
A population of butterflies have been separated by a large mountain range. What type of isolation is occurring?
Geographic
This is the name of the process where the environment "selects" which traits are favorable.
Natural Selection
What is the purpose of a cladogram?
Visually represent the evolutionary relationships between different species or groups of organisms, focusing on shared characteristics derived from a common ancestor.
Below are examples of this term:
Climate changes
Limited Food Supply
Predators
Climate changes
Limited food supply
Predators
What is the KEY IDEA to know if two organisms are the same species?
If they can breed and produce fertile offspring
In natural selection, individuals with traits that help them survive are more likely to do THIS and pass on their traits.
Reproduce
What is suggested by the similarity of early embryos of different species of vertebrates?
A: Evolution from a distant common ancestor
B: No evolutionary relationships between the groups
C: Recent common ancestry
A: Evolution from a distant common ancestor
Which of these is NOT an environmental pressure?
A: Birds of paradise in Indonesia have no natural predators and plenty of food to survive.
B: Changes in climate cause salamanders in the Appalachian mountains to have smaller and smaller young.
C: Green beetles have better camouflage on green leaves than blue beetles. Crows eat the beetles that don't blend in.
A: Birds of paradise in Indonesia have no natural predators and plenty of food to survive.
How is temporal isolation different from behavioral isolation?
Temporal isolation refers to organisms breeding at different times of year.
On an island of birds, spoon beaks and binder clip beaks eat nuts while fork beaks eat insects. If insects are the most available food source, what would you expect to see on the island in 100 years?
Birds will evolve to have fork beaks which are better suited to eat insects.
What is a vestigial structure?
Vestigial structures are biological structures that have lost much or all of their original function in the course of evolution.
These are traits that increase an organism's chance of survival and reproduction in a particular environment.
Adaptations
Lake Pleasant has two types of water snakes - brown ones that live in the bushes on the mainland and tan snakes that live on the islands in the lake. Sometimes, a brown snake makes it out to the islands where it breeds with the tan snakes and produces fertile, healthy offspring. Are these snakes the same species?
YES because they can still breed with each other and produce fertile, healthy offspring.
In order for natural selection to occur, what 3 conditions are needed?
Variation in phenotypes (physical traits)
Traits that you inherit from your parents
Favorable phenotypes that help you survive and reproduce
When body structures of two different organisms have similar form, but they do not have a common ancestor, the structures are...
A: Vestigial
B: Analogous
C: Homologous
B: Analogous