Scientists
Pair of scientists that were the first to determine the structure of DNA.
Who are Watson and Crick?
Transcription occurs in this place in the cell, while translation takes place in this place. (Must say them in correct order)
What is nucleus and cytoplasm?
DNA wraps around this protein to condense the strand down into chromatin.
What is a histone?
What is replication fork?
Attaches free nucleotides to growing strand of DNA.
What is DNA Polymerase?
Captured the first clear image of DNA with X-Ray crystallography.
Who is Rosalind Franklin (and Maurice Wilkins too ig)?
This process creates an mRNA strand from the DNA within the nucleus.
What is transcription?
Segment of DNA before the gene that can turn a gene off or on.
What is regulatory gene (or switch)?
This strand of DNA is copied continuously in the 5' to 3' direction.
What is leading strand?
Builds a RNA strand by attaching free nucleotides to a promoter.
What is RNA polymerase?
Determined the ratio of nitrogenous bases in DNA.
Who is Edwin Chargaff?
What is translation?
The site at which RNA polymerase attaches to initiate transcription.
What is promoter?
DNA polymerase would attach this free nucleotide to the new strand of DNA if the read cytosine on the template strand.
What is guanine?
Unwinds the DNA strand to allow for replication.
What is helicase?
Pair of scientists that proposed a likely hypothesis that the sole purpose of genes is to produce a specific enzyme.
Who are Beadle and Tatum?
RNA polymerase will attach this nucleotide to an mRNA strand if it reads adenine on the DNA.
What is uracil?
Acetyl groups are added to histones making the chromatin less packed, encouraging transcription.
What is histone acetylation?
This strand of DNA is copied in segments in the 3' to 5' direction.
What is lagging strand?
Connects Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand.
What is ligase?
His experiments demonstrated that different strains of bacteria could transfer heritable information between each other in a process called transformation.
Who is Frederick Griffith?
This sequence of events within the cell is considered the central dogma of biology, a foundational theory that the rest of biology depends on.
What is DNA -> mRNA -> Protein?
Chromatin is more densely packed with the addition of methyl groups, causing transcription to decrease.
What is DNA methylation?
DNA is copied in a method where both of the old strands are used as templates to create new strands.
What is semiconservative?
Stabilizes the DNA molecule upstream of the replication fork.
What is topoisomerase?