DNA/RNA Structure
What does RNA stand for?
What is ribonucleic acid.
What were the 3 alternative models for DNA replication?
What is conservative, semi-conservative, and dispersive.
What types of RNA can transcription produce?
What is mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA.
What charge are DNA fragments?
What is negatively charged.
What is apoptosis?
What is programmed cell death.
Which nucleotides are purines and have a double ring structure?
What is A and G.
What model do the parent strands follow?
What is semi-conservative.
What is redundancy?
What is conjunction?
What is cell to cell transfer of DNA.
What are the 3 parts of an operon?
What is a promoter, operator, and genes.
What was Chargraff's rule?
What is in any species, the amount of A=T and the amount of C=G in the DNA.
What way does DNAP lll move?
What is in the 3' to 5' direction.
What are the 3 steps of translation?
What is imitation, elongation, and termination.
What is the polymerase chain reaction?
What is a method used in molecular biology to make several copies of a specific DNA segment.
What is an allosteric activator?
what is a substrate binds to allosteric site and stabilizes the shape of the enzyme, so that the active sites remain open.
What are plasmids?
What is small, circular DNA molecules that are separate from the chromosomes.
What role does topoisomerase play?
What is topoisomerase helps prevent strain.
Summarize the steps for the protein structures.
What is a chain of amino acids form, they coil and fold due to hydrogen bonds forming, the side chains interact, and then multiple peptide chains interact.
What are some large-scale mutations?
What is nondisjunction, translocation, inversions, duplications, and deletions.
What does a regulatory gene do?
What is produces a repressor protein that binds to the operator to block RNA.
What groups are at the 3' and 5' end of DNA strands?
What is phosphate for the 5' end and hydroxyl for the 3' end.
Why do Okazaki fragments occur on the lagging strand?
What is because DNAP lll moves away from the replication fork, so it has to replicate in chucks.
Name 3 pre-RNA modifications.
What is 5' cap (GTP), poly-A tail, and RNA splicing.
What are the 3 point mutations?
What is silent, missense, and nonsense.
What way is a repressible operon?
What is on to off?