DNA structure and Replication
The full name of the base pairs of DNA and their corresponding partner.
What is Adenine and Thymine, and Cytosine and Guanine
This base replaces Thymine in RNA
The name of the triplet bases read by the ribosome.
What are codons?
The combination of the regulatory gene, the operator, the promoter and the genes is known as.
What is the operon
The complete components of a DNA nucleotide.
What are Sugar (deoxyribose in DNA, Ribose RNA), Phosphate, and Nitrogenous (Nitrogen) base
Promoters tell this biological molecule to begin the transcription process.
What is RNA polymerase
This molecule matches the three letter code of mRNA and brings an amino acid to be connected in a polypeptide chain.
What is tRNA.
This is known as the on off switch for genes.
What is the operator.
This strand on the DNA can have bases added continuously as the replication bubble moves down the DNA.
What is the leading strand?
Translation can occur simultaneously as transcription in ___________ organisms. The must occur separately in __________ organisms.
What are Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic.
This phenomena causes a silent mutation during protein synthesis.
This type of molecule is used to bond to a DNA sequence, such as Trp, and turn off transcription and protein synthesis.
What is a repressor.
This strand must be replicated in segments due to the directionality of DNA replication and creates small fragments that must be bonded together named Okazaki fragments.
What is the lagging strand.
Prior to moving to the ribosome, the RNA must be spliced. __________ (noncoding portions) are removed from the RNA while ___________ (coding portions) are spliced together and expressed.
What are introns and exons.
The amount of amino acids that would be coded from the following mRNA strand:
UUAAGAAUGCACGUGAUU
What is 4
What is an Inducible operon (Lac Operon)
__________ breaks the hydrogen bonds in a DNA strand, ___________ adds RNA primers to the starting point of replication, ____________ adds the corresponding base to each side of DNA according to the base pair rule, and ___________ swivels the DNA and ensures it does not supercoil.
What are Helicase, Primase, DNA polymerase, and Topoisomerase?
The pre-mRNA molecule receives a modified nucleotide cap on the 5' end and a a poly-A tail on the 3' end. Give one of the 3 functions of these modifications
What are facilitate the export of mRNA, protect mRNA from hydrolytic enzymes, and help ribosomes attach to the 5' end.
Amino acids found in protein synthesis are produced by:
What is the consumption of protein and breaking it down into amino acids.
Gene regulation is usually in response to this:
What are environmental conditions and developmental conditions.