DNA, RNA, Protein
The monomer units of proteins
What are amino acids?
This is the name of the building blocks of RNA
What are ribonucleotides?
The promoter, gene (open reading frame), and termination are the parts of this unit.
What is the transcriptional unit?
The DNA strand read by RNA polymerase.
What is the template strand?
A DNA alteration that doesn't have a noticeable effect on an organism's phenotype.
What is a silent mutation?
These are the four bases in RNA
What are adenine, uracil, cytosine, and guanine?
This is the name of the building blocks of DNA
What are nucleotides?
What is an exon?
Composed of two subunits, a large and a small, that come together around the mRNA molecule. It moves along the mRNA, reading and translating it codon by codon.
What is the ribosome?
A DNA sequence change that causes a protein to stop being made before it's finished.
What is a nonsense mutation?
The structure in a protein where the amino acids are linear.
What is the primary structure?
These are the four bases in DNA
What are adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine?
A cellular process that allows a single gene to produce multiple different proteins.
What is alternative splicing?
A sequence of three nucleotides that forms a unit of genomic information encoding a particular amino acid or signaling the termination of protein synthesis.
What is a codon?
A genetic mutation that occurs when a DNA sequence is inserted or deleted by a number of nucleotides that is not a multiple of three.
What is a frameshift mutation?
The structure in protein where the helices, sheets, and the rest of the “string of beads” folds up on itself through interactions between amino acids
What is the tertiary structure?
Amino acids are joined by this to create a peptide bond
What is dehydration synthesis?
An enzyme that reads a DNA sequence and synthesizes a complementary RNA molecule by adding nucleotides to a growing RNA strand, essentially copying genetic information from DNA into RNA.
What is RNA polymerase?
These are the three sites in the ribosome during translation in order mRNA goes through.
What are the acceptor site, peptidyle site, and exit site?
A DNA change that results in a different amino acid being used to build a protein at a specific position in the gene.
What is a missense mutation?
Peptide bonds are formed between these two groups between amino acids
What are carboxyl group and amino group?
The structure within amino acids that determines the specific amino acid
What is the R group?
The components added to mRNA to make it mature mRNA.
A sequence of three nucleotides in transfer RNA (tRNA) that matches a complementary codon in messenger RNA (mRNA) during protein synthesis.
What is an anticodon?
The direction that codons are read to determine the amino acids.
What is 5' to 3'?