Outbreak
What were the three original powers in the Triple Alliance?
Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy
What three general factors came together at the start of the war that caused its outbreak?
The rivalry between european powers, nationalist aspirations, and the formation of rival alliances
Who was the tsar in Russia in the early 20th century?
Nicholas II
Who was the leader of the Bolsheviks?
Lenin
What organisation was created in 1919 after the war?
France, Russia, and the UK were in which alliance?
Triple Entente
Where did women work during the first world war?
Munitions factories, hospitals, and driving trams
What was life like for the industrial proletariat in Russia?
They had very low wages and poor living conditions
What was the armed militia of the Bolsheviks?
Red Guard
What countries were created from the fall of the Austro-Hungarian empire?
Yugoslavia, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, and Poland
What did France specifically want before the war?
The return of Alsace-Loraine, which had been annexed by Germany
Why did the First World War have more casualties than any previous war?
Because they had new, more deadly weapons like cannons, machine guns, tanks and planes
After the Tsar abdicated, what kind of government in Russia was claimed?
A republic
Who won the civil war in Russia and what was created after they won?
The Red Army (Soviets) won and created the USSR
How many years after the First World War was the Second World War?
21
What specific event caused the outbreak of war?
The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the Austrian crown
Explain what propaganda is.
Modern marketing used to keep up public morale and support the war effort
What kind of economy did Russia have and what does that mean?
Agrarian, which means land was controlled by the wealthy and the peasants lived in poor conditions in a feudal regime with low production
What was the main political party and center of power in the USSR?
Communist Party of the Soviet Union
Why was the League of Nations created?
To guarantee peace and cooperation between nations
Can you explain the order of events that led to Austria, Serbia, Russia, Germany, France, and the UK getting involved in the war?
Austria blamed Serbia > Russia fought Austria to protect Serbia > Germany declared war on Russia and France to help Austria and invaded Belgium > The UK declared war on Germany for this invasion
What is trench warfare?
When the war became immobile, the soldiers had to dig trenches or ditches and would stay and fight from there
How can you summarise the three main factors that led to the revolution in February 1917 in Russia?
A backward and autocratic empire, a weak economy/unequal society, and the negative consequences of the battles in the war
What four things did the Bolsheviks want to do?
Overthrow the provisional government, institute a government run by Soviet workers/peasants, sign a peace treaty with Germany, and give workers control of the factories
Why did the League of Nations fail? (two reasons)
The defeated nations could not join and it did not have enough resources to impose its decisions or have any influence over international politics.