Mitosis Mechanics
During this phase chromosomes line up at the cell's equator before being separated.
What is metaphase?
100 — The phase of the cell cycle when a cell spends most of its life growing and performing normal functions.
[What is interphase (G1/G0)?]
100 — The less-condensed form of DNA that is present during interphase.
[What is chromatin?]
100 — A mass of cells that results when regulation of cell division fails is called this.
[What is a tumor?]
Compared to large cells, small cells generally exchange materials with their environment more efficiently because of this ratio
What is surface area to volume ratio (SA:V)
200 — Name the stage when sister chromatids are pulled to opposite poles.
[What is anaphase?]
200 — The checkpoint that ensures DNA was replicated correctly before mitosis begins
[What is the G2 checkpoint?]
200 — One half of a duplicated chromosome is joined to its sister by this structure.
[What is a centromere?]
200 — Cancer cells that spread to form new tumors in other parts of the body are said to have done this.
[What is metastasis?/ What is "metastasized?"]
In a set of 500 observed cells: 185 in prophase, 40 in metaphase, 30 in anaphase, 15 in telophase — this phase appears to take the longest.
What is prophase?
300 — In this stagel, the chromosomes decondense and nuclear envelopes reform.
[What is telophase?]
300 — two types of Proteins that help regulate progression through the cell cycle by rising and falling in concentration are known as these.
[What are cyclins and kinases?]
300 — The DNA–protein ball around which DNA winds to form nucleosomes.
[What is a histone?]
The process by which cells become specialized for specific functions during development.
[What is differentiation?]
These are two reasons EUKARYOTIC cells undergo mitosis.
What are:
1. Growth & Repair &
2. Damaged Cell Replacement
400 — The structure that forms between daughter cells in animal cells, helping them split the cytoplasm.
[What is the "cleavage furrow?"]
This term describes adult cells that have been reprogrammed back to a stem-cell–like state?
[What are induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs)?]
400 — This is the structure labeled as two X-shaped joined units visible during mitosis.
[What is a duplicated chromosome?]
400 — This one sentence defines "cancer" using the word mitosis.
[Accept: Cancer is uncontrolled mitosis resulting in abnormal cell growth and tumor formation.]
When viewing plant cells undergoing division, this structure forms in the center to build a new cell wall.
What is the cell plate?
500 — Describe what spindle fibers attach to on a chromosome to pull sister chromatids apart.
[What is the kinetochore?]
500 — This is why a high surface area to volume ratio benefits a cell (i.e. a higher "faces / spaces" ratio)
[ faster diffusion of nutrients/wastes and more efficient exchange per unit volume.]
500 — During G1 you have 46 chromosomes in a human somatic cell. This is the number of chromatids present during G1 and then the number of chromatids after S phase?
[What is 46 chromatids in G1; 92 chromatids after S?]
This is why HeLa cells are "popular to use" in research (one sentence).
[They are easy to grow, divide rapidly, and have been well-characterized, providing a consistent model.]
(hint--try drawing)
A line graph shows four cell lines: A grows without leveling off; B grows then levels off then decreases; C grows then levels off; D grows then levels off at a low number then decreases.
This line most likely represents a cancerous cell population.
What is line A?