Reformation
Causes and Effects
Exploration
RANDOS
Absolutism
100
Martin Luther wrote what to criticize the Christian/Catholic Church?
95 Theses
100
How did the Renaissance lead to the Reformation?
Increased Secularism and Humanism led to skepticism of the Catholic Church/Pope.
100
What is an encomienda?
Plantation (Large farm with slaves) in South and Central America.  Run by Spanish explorers.
100
Huguenots are French __________.
Protestants.
100
Name 3 characteristics of an Absolute Monarch.

Held all power within their boundaries

Goal: control every aspect of society 

Believed in Divine Right: Monarch as God’s representative on Earth 


Regulated everything from religious worship to social gatherings 

Created new bureaucracies to control their economies

Wanted to free themselves from the limitations imposed by nobility and parliaments. 


200
Name the founder of the concept of predestination and explain what it means.
John Calvin.


The decision to let people into heaven or hell and all world events are predetermined by the Christian God.



200
Explain the Columbian Exchange.
An exchange of goods, animals, crops, diseases, and ideas when the Old World (Europe, Asia) met the New World. (Americas)
200
What is the significance of a mestizo?
Mixed race person of indigenous South American and Spanish descent.  Demonstrates cultural and ethnic blending.  Exploration creates a new group of people.
200
Columbus was arguably responsible for the death of what indigenous people in the Americas?
Taino.
200
Philip II of Spain made a crucial error when he did what?
Attacked England out of an effort to defend Catholicism.
300
Which figure from the Reformation is most associated with the Counter-Reformation?
Ignatius of Loyola.
300
What led to the development or emergence of Absolute Monarchs?
Warfare in Europe. 

Increased Wealth due to Mercantilism

Church authority declined

Monarchs are supported by the Middle Class

300
What is significantly different about the relationship of French colonists compared to English or Spanish?
Good relationship with natives.  Absences of permanent settlements and widespread slave trade.
300
Louis XIV's extravagant palace was named ________.
Versailles.
300
Louis XIV is perhaps the best example of an absolute monarch, why?
Versailles

Limited Power of Nobles

Wasted Money

Lost wars disastrously

Huge Debt

ETC

400
The Jesuits are an order of monks that practice what Christian religion and were designed to accomplish what specific tasks?
Catholicism.


Rehab the public image of the Catholic Church/Pope

Improve Education.

Gain new converts to Catholicism.

Stop the spread of Protestantism.



400
What did the enslavement of Native Americans eventually create?
Death. African Slave Trade
400
What three reasons inspired/motivated exploration?
God

Gold

Glory

400
What invention was central to the Protestant Reformation?
Printing Press.
400
Explain Divine Right.
Belief that God put the monarch into power and they are God's chosen representative of their country.
500
King Henry VIII defied the Pope and created the Church of England for what reason?
To be granted a divorce in order to have a male heir to his throne.
500
Explain triangular trade.
Manufactured goods are transported from Europe to Africa, Slaves are taken from Africa in exchange for manufactured goods to the Americas.  Slaves are forced to work acquiring raw materials with the Americas.  Raw Materials are sent from the Americas and turned into Manufactured goods.
500
What three reasons caused/allowed exploration?
Trade

New Technology

Renaissance (Wealth)

500
Divine Right is conceptually similar to what key term that we have previously discussed in class.
Mandate of heaven in Ancient China.
500
Correctly name a absolute monarchs of the following countries:

Prussia

Russia

England

France

Spain


Prussia: Frederick II

Russia: Peter the Great, Ivan The Terrible

England: Charles I, Elizabeth, Oliver Cromwell

France: Louis XIV

Spain: Philip II

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