Vocabulary
Humanism
Focusing on potential and achievement of people
Martin Luther
German Monk who utilized Gutenberg's Printing Press to print his grievances against the Catholic Church in his 95 Theses.
What new techniques did Renaissance artists use to give their paintings depth and new life-like features?
Linear Perspective
Define Indulgences
Paying money for a pardon of sins
Who is responsible for the creation of the Heliocentric Model (Theory)?
Nicolaus Copernicus
Individualism
A social outlook, political philosophy, and moral stance that prioritizes the interests of the individual over a social group or the state
John Calvin
John Calvin was a protestant reformer who believed in Predestination; created the denomination Calvinism.
Why did the Renaissance start in Italy?
Wealthy city-states such as Florence, had a growing merchant class who invested into the arts.
What was the Act of Supremacy of 1534 and who was the monarch that enacted it?
King Henry VIII breaking away from the Catholic Church and creating the Church of England
Who is responsible for improving upon the telescope and confirming the Heliocentric Theory?
Galileo Galilei
Secularism
A view of the world where religion is not at the center
King Henry VIII
King who broke away from the Catholic Church and named himself the head of the Church of England because the Pope wouldn't grant him an annulment
What ideas did books emphasize during the Renaissance?
Humanism, Individualism, and Secularism.
What was the Catholic Church's response to the Protestant Reformation?
They launched a Counter-Reformation
Who is known as the creator of the scientific method?
Francis Bacon
Heliocentric Theory (Model)
The idea that the sun is the center of the universe
Nicolaus Copernicus
How did the Renaissance affect the relationship between the church and the secular world?
The relationship between the church and secular world deteriorated and the church's influence weakened
What was the first book printed using the Gutenberg Press?
Gutenberg Bible
How was Galileo treated for confirming the Heliocentric Theory?
The Catholic Church tried him and sentenced him to house arrest for the remainder of his life
Vernacular
The language spoken by the ordinary people of an area
Niccolo Machiavelli
Renaissance writer and former politician. Wrote about ethics and politics in a book called The Prince
What is Niccolo Machiavelli's book, The Prince, about?
The Prince was a book on ethics and government that described how rulers maintain power by methods that ignore right or wrong
How does John Calvin's beliefs differ from Martin Luther's?
John Calvin believed that everyone's destination was already predetermined by God. (Predestination)
What scientific idea did Isaac Newton discover?
Isaac Newton discovered the forces of gravity and created the Three Laws of Motion