Industrial Inventions
What machine, invented by James Watt, greatly improved transportation and factory production?
Steam Engine
What new working-class group emerged due to industrialization?
Proletariat
What European congress attempted to maintain the balance of power after Napoleon’s defeat?
Congress of Vienna
What organization of workers aimed to negotiate wages and conditions with employers?
Trade Unions
What country was the first to industrialize?
Great Britain
What textile invention by James Hargreaves allowed one worker to spin multiple threads at once?
Spinning Jenny
What movement opposed industrial machines, believing they threatened workers' jobs?
Luddite Movement
What Austrian statesman led the Concert of Europe and promoted conservatism?
Klemens von Metternich
What economic principle valued by British parliament contributed to the poor working conditions of industrial laborers?
Laissez faire
What two natural resources played a large role in Industrialization?
Coal and Iron Ore
What process, developed by Henry Bessemer, revolutionized steel production?
Bessemer Process
What major artistic and cultural movement emerged as a response to industrialization?
Romanticism
What political ideology was championed by Robert Owen and exemplified in his factory town in New Lanark, Scotland?
Utopian Socialism
What mass labor movement in Britain during the 1830s and 1840s demanded universal male suffrage and parliamentary reforms?
Chartism
Why did Eastern and Southern Europe industrialize more slowly than Britain and France?
-Agrarian Economies
-Traditional / Feudal societies (serfdom)
- lack of resources / lack of capital
What innovation allowed for long-distance communication and was developed by Samuel Morse?
Telegraph
What government report exposed child labor abuses in British factories?
The Saddler Report
What 1830 event in France overthrew King Charles X and brought Louis-Philippe to power?
July Revolution
Who was the female labor rights advocate that argued for women’s and workers' rights in industrial Europe?
Flora Tristan
What major war (1853–1856) exposed Russia’s lack of industrialization?
Crimean War
What 19th-century invention powered by the internal combustion engine transformed transportation?
Automobile
What were the laws that criminalized unemployment in 19th century Industrial Britain?
The Poor Laws
What political gathering in 1848 sought to unify Germany but ultimately failed?
Frankfurt Assembly
Who was the leader of the British women’s suffrage movement and founder of Women's Social and Political Union, known for their use of militant tactics?
Emmeline Pankhurst
What German customs union promoted free trade among German states?
Zollverein Union