People & Politics
his group of powerful Georgia politicians — including Joseph E. Brown, Alfred H. Colquitt, and John B. Gordon — promoted business-friendly policies and dominated state politics after Reconstruction. Name this group.
The Bourbon Triumvirate
This 1896 Supreme Court case upheld "separate but equal" and allowed states to keep segregated public facilities.
Plessy v. Ferguson
This Black educator promoted vocational training and economic self-reliance, founding the Tuskegee Institute. Who was he?
Booker T. Washington
This crop remained central to Georgia's economy; cotton mills and related industries grew around its production. Name the crop
Cotton
his series of exhibitions in Atlanta promoted industrial growth and was associated with Henry Grady's "New South" vision (same events as People & Politics 300)
Cotton Expositions (or International Cotton Expositions)
Henry Grady used this job to promote the "New South" idea and attract northern investment to Georgia. What was his profession?
Newspaper editor / journalist
Laws passed in southern states that enforced racial segregation and limited the rights of African Americans are known by this two-word term. What are they?
Jim Crow laws
This civil rights leader and co-founder of the NAACP pushed for immediate political rights and higher education for African Americans. Name him.
W. E. B. DuBois
One of the entertainment industries that began to impact Georgia's economy later in the 20th century — name a modern entertainment sector that contributes to Georgia's economy
Film (movie production), music industry, or related entertainment sectors
The Leo Frank case showed deep prejudice in Georgia; Frank was convicted in 1913 for the murder of a factory worker and later lynched. State one broader social effect the case had on Georgia society
The Leo Frank case increased antisemitism and showed limits of the justice system; it also helped spur the founding of advocacy groups and contributed to national attention on Georgia. (
These events, held in Atlanta in the 1880s and 1890s, showcased Georgia's industry and aimed to promote the state to national and international audiences. Name them.
International Cotton Expositions (or Atlanta Cotton Expositions)
The practice of preventing African Americans from voting by using poll taxes, literacy tests, and other tactics is called what?
Disenfranchisement.
A Black entrepreneur in Atlanta who founded a successful insurance business and became one of the city's wealthiest Black citizens. Who is he?
Alonzo Herndon
Manufacturing expanded in Georgia during the New South Era. Give one specific type of manufactured good or factory type that contributed to growth
Textile mills (or cotton mills, furniture, or other manufacturing like timber processing).
Explain how the New South movement attempted to change Georgia's economy
By promoting industrialization, attracting northern investment, and encouraging diversification beyond agriculture (e.g., textiles, manufacturing), the New South aimed to modernize Georgia's economy.
This Georgia politician and leader of the Populist movement criticized the power of large corporations and sought to represent small farmers. Identify him.
Tom Watson.
In 1906, a violent outbreak in Atlanta targeted Black residents, resulting in deaths and injuries. What is this event called?
The 1906 Atlanta Race Riot (or Atlanta Riot of 1906)
Compare (in one sentence) Booker T. Washington's approach to racial progress with W. E. B. DuBois's approach.
Washington advocated vocational training and gradual economic self-help, while DuBois demanded immediate civil and political rights and higher education.
Name one way service industries (like banking or insurance) helped Georgia's economic development in the late 19th or early 20th century
Example answer: Banks and insurance companies provided capital and financial services, enabling business growth and investment in industry and infrastructure
Describe one economic consequence for small farmers in Georgia during the New South Era
Many small farmers faced falling crop prices, debt, and tenancy/sharecropping arrangements that reduced economic independence
Explain one way the Bourbon Triumvirate's policies affected African American labor or voting power in Georgia
They passed laws and supported policies that favored industrial and business elites while limiting Black political power, which helped entrench white elite control.
Describe one legal or extra-legal method used during the New South Era to deny African Americans equal protection under the law
Use of poll taxes, literacy tests, grandfather clauses, or intimidation and violence to suppress Black voting.
Explain how Alonzo Herndon's business success challenged some common ideas about African Americans in the New South Era (short answer, 1–2 sentences).
Herndon's success with the Atlanta Mutual Insurance Company demonstrated Black entrepreneurship and economic leadership, challenging stereotypes and providing models of Black economic achievement.
Explain briefly how technological industries (or innovations) began to influence Georgia's economic growth by the early 20th century (short answer, 1–2 sentences)
nnovations like improved transportation (railroads) and mechanized farm equipment began shifting production and enabling faster movement of goods, encouraging industrial growth.
Analyze (2–3 sentences) how political changes and racial policies in the New South together influenced Georgia's long-term social and economic development.
Political dominance by business-friendly leaders and the enforcement of racial segregation reduced political participation by African Americans and concentrated wealth among white elites. These policies limited economic opportunity for many residents, slowed equitable development, and entrenched social divisions that affected Georgia's growth for decades. (