Transcription
Translation
Mutations
DNA vs. RNA
Main Characters
100
Where in the cell does Transcription Occur?
Inside the Nucleus
100
Where in the cell does Translation occur?
Inside the Ribosome in the cytoplasm
100
What type of mutation has occurred when one nucleotide base has been switched with another?
Substitution/ point mutation
100
What is the difference between the nitrogenous bases of DNA and RNA?
RNA has Uracil
DNA has Thymine
100
DNA and RNA are considered which type of Macromolecule?
Nucleic Acid
200
What is the proper pairing of nitrogenous bases in DNA?
(adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine)
Adenine & Thymine
Cytosine & Guanine
200
Each nucleotide triplet in mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid is called a(n) ________
Codon
200
What type of mutation has occurred when one nitrogenous base has been inserted into the middle of a gene?
(be specific)
Frameshift addition mutation
200
What is the monomer of a Nucleic Acid called?
Nucleotide
200
The process illustrated in the figure is ______
Translation
300
Transcribe the following DNA Template Strand:
AGC GGG TAC CTT TGA
mRNA Strand:
UCG CCC AUG GAA ACU
300
Transfer RNA (tRNA) helps the synthesis of proteins by...
Carry amino acids to the ribosome
300
Look at the two DNA strands below. What mutation has occurred in the new strand of DNA?
Template: AAGCTGTTACGA
New Strand: AAGCTGTTAAGA
Substitution/ point mutation
300
List the three components of a nucleotide:
1. 5-Carbon sugar
2. Phosphate group
3. Nitrogenous Base
300
What type of bonding joins two nucleotide bases together?
Hydrogen Bonding
400
Transcribe the following DNA Template Strand:
GTA TTT AGC CGA TGT AAA ACC CAG
mRNA:
CAU AAA UCG GCU ACA UUU UGG GUC
400
How many nitrogenous bases are necessary to code for three amino acids?
Nine nitrogenous bases (3 codons)
400
Look at the two DNA strands below. What mutation has occurred in the new strand of DNA?
Template: AAGCTGTTACGA
New Strand: AAGCTGTTCGA
Frameshift deletion mutation
400
Which 5-carbon sugar makes up DNA?
Which 5-carbon sugar makes up RNA?
1. Deoxyribose
2. Ribose
400
Who was credited (and received the Noble Prize) for the discovery of DNA's double helix Structure?
Watson and Crick
500
List the Four steps involved with Transcription:
(include specific proteins and molecules that are made and used in the process)
DNA unzips
mRNA is created by the RNA Polymerase
DNA is zipped back up
mRNA leaves the nucleus through the nuclear pores (holes)
500
Use the codon chart to determine the Polypeptide chain this sequence of mRNA will translate into:
mRNA:
CUC AGU GGG CCA UGA
Polypeptide Chain:
Leu-Ser-Gly-Pro-STOP
500
Identify which type of Mutation that has occurred in the DNA strand below.
DNA Template: ATGCCTAGGATAT
New Strand: ATGCCGTAGGATA
Frameshift addition mutation
500
Name the three types of RNA and list their functions:
rRNA: Ribosomal RNA. makes up ribosomes
mRNA: messangerRNA, copies gene (protein “recipe”) in DNA and takes copy out of nucleus into cytoplasm
tRNA: transferRNA, carriers amino acids to ribosomes to build proteins
500
The diagram shows the nucleus and the cytoplasm of a cell.
Identify the
1. nucleic acid most commonly found in the nucleus
2. The nucleic acid that carries information from the nucleus into the cytoplasm
3. The nucleic acid that carries amino acids in the cytoplasm.
1. DNA
2. mRNA
3. tRNA