Properties of Acids & Bases
Sour taste, reactivity with metals, color change to red with litmus paper
What does the Law of Conservation of Mass state regarding a chemical equation?
The mass of the reactants must be equal to the mass of the products.
The pH scale ranges from _____ to ______. 7 = ___________. Acids are _______ than 7 and Bases are _______ than 7.
0 to 14, neutral, less, greater
A student adds food coloring to milk to see what happens, which is the solute and which is the solvent.
Solute: food coloring
Solvent: milk
The mass of all reactants must equal the mass of all products. Mass is neither created nor destroyed.
Law of Conservation of Mass
Bitter taste, slippery feel, color change to blue with litmus paper, conducts electricity, caustic
coefficients
A solution with a pH above 7, but below 10 is said to be a ________ _________.
Weak base
Three factors that can increase the rate of dissolving
Heating, stirring, and crushing the solute
Temperature, Agitation, Surface Area
This type of solution cannot hold any more solute, it is said to be
saturated
Produced when acids are dissolved in water
H+, Hydronium ions
What coefficients are needed to balance the following chemical equation:
Fe + Cl2 --> FeCl3
2, 3, 2
2 Fe + 3 Cl2 --> 2 FeCl3
A solution with a pH between 0 and 3 is said to be a _________ ________.
Strong acid
The type of solution found below the line on the solubility curve
Unsaturated
A student used baking soda and vinegar to test the law of conservation of mass. What should the student do in order to show evidence of the law of conservation of mass?
Measure the mass before and after combining the substances.
Produced when bases are dissolved in water
OH-, Hydroxide ions
Indicate the coefficients needed to balance this chemical equation: P4 + Br2 --> PBr3
1, 6, 4
1 P4 + 6 Br2 --> 4 PBr3
When acids and bases mix, they ___________ each other.
Neutralize
The type of solution above the line on a solubility curve
Supersaturated
pH is the measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions. The greater the concentration of H+ions, the _______ the pH.
Greater, lower
Produced when acids and bases mix
Salt and water
Which chemical equation shows the Law of Conservation of mass:
A. 2 Al + 3 NaCl --> 3 Na + AlCl3
B. 2 Na + MgCl2 --> Mg + 2 NaCl
C. 4 H +O2 --> 4 H2O
B. 2 Na + MgCl2 --> Mg + 2 NaCl
You spill a strong acid on the counter and you want to neutralize it with a strong base. Which solution would you use and explain why?
a. a solution with a pH of 4
b. solution with a pH of 7
c. a solution with a pH of 12
A solution with a pH of 12 because you want to use a base (base is greater than 7) and the further away from 7 the number is the the stronger base.
What happens to a saturated solution when heated it up, the solution becomes
Unsaturated
The amount left over after the saturated solution is cooled
precipitate