Origins of Cities
Geographical feature that cities generally form near
The Central Business District (CBD) is located in the center, with rings all around. Industrial areas are closest to the CBD, while nicer housing is away from CBD with the longest commute time.
Concentric Zone Model
The major cause to problems with a city's water, air, and land. Primarily arose due to large populations in the city.
Polluition
Improvements in this city feature will help reduce carbon emissions. Cities have been trying to eliminate the use of cars and even promote walking by improving this city feature.
Infrastructure
Process of towns and cities growing after their initial settlement. This process is important because more than half of the world’s 7+ billion people now live in cities.
Urbanization
First settlement that settled in the fertile crescent
Mesopotamia
The CBD is scattered into several nodes or hubs, with transportation stations near industries and airports. Low income housing is found near workers while high income housing is found in elite districts
Multiple Nuclei Model
The more people are congested in urban areas, the higher the rate of unemployment as the available jobs are not enough to accommodate all. Resources have also become scarce, and not everyone has access to essential social services. This has lead to this urban problem.
Urban Crime
By lowering individual factors like food, water-use, waste and transportation. This will lower one's individual output. Will help the environment in and around a city.
Carbon Footprint or Carbon Emissions
Large cluster of Megacities that have a population of greater than 20 million people. Connected through transportation systems and infrastructure.
Metacities
This technology greatly influenced the formation and structures of cities. It forced cities to include new road systems which changed the layout of the cities. In addition, this technology allowed for american citizens to live more on the outskirts making the city center have lower income residents.
Cars
The CBD is located in the center, with sectors extending out. Industrial and residential development is located around transportation hubs. Low income residential areas are near the city whereas higher income areas are located in suburbs.
Hoyt Sector Model
Converting of an urban neighborhood from a predominantly low-income renter-occupied area to a predominantly middle/high-class owner-occupied area.
Gentrification
A ring of well maintained parks circling the Urban City Center. This usually includes running and biking paths and tends to incorporate many tunnels and small gardens and limit the sprawl of urban areas.
Green Belt
Usually far more populated and far more economically important. Has the largest influence in the country.
Primate City
This theory explains the reasons behind the distribution patterns, size, and number of cities or towns across the globe. This theory serves as the framework for both historical and locational patterns today. It also explains the identification of most profitable locations.
Central Place Theory
Includes a thriving CBD with a commercial spine. The quality of houses decreases as one moves outward away from the CBD, and the areas of worse housing occurs in the disamenity sectors.
Latin American City Model
A process that sorts neighborhoods into multiple groups based on race and where they live. Can be de jure (by law) or de facto (by social processes).
Residential Segregation
Creating homes for families of all income levels alongside one another in locations where daily needs are close by. A means of diversifying our transportation system so Americans have a choice in how they get around. Building streets that are safe for people walking, bicycling or using any sort of assistive device, as well as driving. Protecting our open green spaces for generations to come.
Smart Growth
Very large urban centers around the globe that have a population of greater than 10 million people. Encompass a large metropolitan area (Dallas-Fort Worth, Texas) and have lots of residents.
Mega City
People who possess a specific skill set to become a site factor that can significantly affect the location and growth of a city. This is one of the reasons for the formations of cities.
Trade
The reason why there is a difference between the economic layout of cities in America and Latin America.
Transportation Advancements in America
A process by which banks draw lines on a map and refuse to lend money to purchase or improve property within the boundaries.
Redlining
Neighborhoods has an emphasis on beauty, comfort, and sense of place. There is a public space at the center of the community for public interaction in the shopping center area. The rest of the neighborhood's grid patterned roads are lined with sidewalks for walking easily around the area. These neighborhoods are created using transect planning, meaning that as you move out from the center, the density decreases.
New Urbanism
Occurs when people living within a city move to residential communities outside the city. In the United States, this process has been accelerating since World War II.
Suburbanization