Natural Selection
English Naturalist
Went on a voyage to the Galapagos Islands.
Saw that different species of finches/tortoises/etc. lived on different islands and had specific characteristics for that island.
Charles Darwin
forming of a new species by evolution from a pre-existing species.
Speciation
study of the form of living things.
Morphology
2-name naming system, Genus species
Binomial nomenclature
increases the expression of an extreme version of a trait in a population.
Directional Selection
organisms with the “best” traits (adaptations) will live longer and reproduce more than others, causing changes in the population over time by acting on traits that are heritable.
Natural Selection
elimination of a species.
Extinction
study of prehistoric life through the fossil record.
Paleontology
a diagram used to predict evolutionary relationships among groups of organisms.
Phylogenetic Tree
a process that splits a population into two groups; removes individuals with average traits and favors the 2 extremes.
Disruptive Selection
Lots of offspring and limited resources causes competition for those resources.
Overproduction of Offspring
Slow, constant changes over a long period of time.
Gradualism
study of chemical processes in living things.
Biochemistry
field of biology that classifies organisms.
Taxonomy
a measure of how well you can survive in your environment
Fitness
Random mutations = *ultimate source*
Genetic recombination during meiosis (crossing over)
Migration (gene flow)
Variation
When unrelated species evolve similar characteristics because they live in similar environments.
Convergent Evolution
study of embryo development.
Embryology
use the simplest explanation for creating the tree.
Maximum Parsimony
random change in the frequency of alleles in a population over time.
Genetic drift
a feature that allows an organism to better survive in its environment.
Adaptation
Occurs when two populations of organisms form a specialized relationship and thus change in response to each other.
Coevolution
study of the geographic distribution of plants and animals.
Biogeography
suggests that over time, coevolution of the two prokaryotes occurred and eventually led to speciation and the 1st eukaryotes.
Endosymbiotic Theory
movement of genes into/out of a population.
Gene Flow