RNA Processing
The name for the unprocessed RNA transcript in eukaryotes.
pre-mRNA
The process of building a polypeptide from an mRNA template.
Translation
Cluster of functionally related genes under one promoter.
Operon
DNA wrapped around histone proteins forms this.
Chromatin
The region on tRNA that pairs with an mRNA codon.
Anticodon
The 5′ modification that protects mRNA and helps ribosomes bind.
5′ cap
The organelle responsible for translation.
Ribosome
The repressible operon that controls tryptophan synthesis.
trp operon
Chemical modification that loosens chromatin and activates genes.
Histone acetylation
The first amino acid added in eukaryotic translation.
Methionine
The enzyme–RNA complex that removes introns.
Spliceosome
The RNA molecule that carries amino acids to the ribosome.
tRNA
The inducible operon that allows lactose metabolism.
lac operon
Chemical modification that tightens chromatin and represses genes.
DNA methylation
The process that occurs when ribosomes reach a stop codon.
Termination
The string of adenines added to the 3′ end of mRNA.
Poly-A tail
The three-base sequence on mRNA that codes for one amino acid.
Codon
The small molecule that binds to the lac repressor to turn it off.
Lactose
DNA regions far from promoters that increase transcription.
Enhancers
The protein that tags other proteins for degradation.
Ubiquitin
The portions of mRNA that remain and encode proteins.
Exons
The site on the ribosome that holds the growing peptide chain.
P site
The activator protein that binds cAMP when glucose is low.
CAP
Small RNAs that guide degradation of target mRNAs.
microRNAs
The organelle that degrades ubiquitinated proteins.
Proteasome