HIV
Another Name for the term "ART" is:
Antiretroviral Treatments
What does the term 'latency' refer to in the context of viral infections?
A phase where the virus is dormant in the host
This set of tests is useful in screening pregnant women and newborns for infections.
TORCH Test
The causative agent of infectious mononucleosis is
Epstein-Barr virus
The definite host of toxoplasmosis is
cats
This is the most common test used as a confirmatory test for HIV?
Western Blot
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs)
Which hepatitis virus can only replicate in the presence of Hepatitis B virus?
Hepatitis D (HDV)
The Paul Bunnell test for mononucleosis would detect which of the following?
heterophile antibody for mononucleosis
What is the primary function of interferons in the immune response to viral infections?
Inhibit viral replication
What test would be most reliable in detecting HIV infection in an infant younger than 18 months of age?
DNA PCR Testing
A herpesvirus responsible for causing chickenpox during the primary infection and shingles upon reactivation.
VZV (varicella-zoster virus)
Which of the following is a serological marker indicating a recent Hepatitis B infection?
IgM anti-HBc
The HIV p24 protein encodes:
group-specific antigen (GAG)
Which type of antibody is typically the first produced in response to a new viral infection?
IgM
Name three body fluids that do not transmitted HIV?
Saliva, Tears, Urine, and Sweat.
Explain the difference between IgM and IgG:
IgM: current or recent infection
IgG: past infection or vaccination
Mini Study: Patient has increased AST and ALT results. Plus, anti-HAV antibodies were detected. Patient was recently seen drinking for a forest lake. What disease does the patient have?
Hepatitis A (HAV)
This immunoglobulin cannot cross the placenta.
IgM
What is the primary transmission route for Hepatitis A virus?
Fecal-oral route
Name the three most common modes of transmission for HIV?
Sexual Contact, Shared needles or syringes, and perinatal transmission.
This gene encodes the precursor protein for the internal structural protein of HIV, such as the capsid (p24) and matrix (p17) proteins.
gag (group-specific antigen)
Is the serological gap during acute hepaitis B infection. That occurs after the disappearance of HBsAg but before the appearance of protective anti-HBs antibodies?
The Core Window
This is transmitted zoonotically by eating undercooked meat from infected animals, such as pigs or deer. Is similar to HAV?
Hepatitis E (HEV)
Toxoplasmosis is a mild disease that is usually asymptomatic. It is of clinical importance because:
it causes congenital deformities