DNA & RNA Structure
The backbone of DNA is comprised of...
What are sugar and phosphate?
DNA is synthesized during this stage of the cell cycle.
What is the S phase?
The process of _____ converts DNA to RNA, and the process of _____ converts RNA into proteins.
What are transcription and translation?
These are the 3 parts of an operon:
What are the promoter, operator, and genes?
If a gene has remained relatively unchanged over time, this means that the gene is _______ _______.
What is evolutionarily conserved?
This functional group is at the 5' end of DNA.
What is a free phosphate group?
DNA is synthesized in this direction.
What is 5' to 3'?
What are codons and amino acids?
The trp operon is inducible or repressible? This means that ...
What is repressible? This means that it's normally on but can be turned off under the right conditions.
This is when viruses accidentally transfer genes to a nearby cell.
What is transduction?
This functional group is at the 3' end of DNA.
What is a free hydroxyl group?
This enzyme helps prevent supercoiling ahead of the replication fork.
What is topoisomerase?
The site of transcription is called the _____ ____ and is ______ of the gene of interest.
What are promoter region and upstream?
A bacterial cell is grown in a nutrient-rich, lactose-free medium. You would expect to see THIS at the lac operon?
What is false?
A DNA strand reads: 3’- ACTAG -5’. The complementary strand would be...
What is 5'-TGATC-3'?
Small segments of RNA are called _____ and are added by _____.
What are primers and primase?
If the mRNA is GAA, the tRNA would be ____ and would carry this amino acid.
When methyl groups are added to DNA, this is called DNA methylation. It makes the DNA more _____, which prevents ______.
What are condensed and transcription?
This form of DNA analysis organizes DNA by size.
What is gel electrophoresis?
DNA is ______ charged. We know this because _____.
What is negative and because each phosphate group on the backbone of DNA contains a negatively charged oxygen atom?
These are repeating units of nucleotides added to the end of DNA to prevent erosion.
What are telomeres?
Introns are ...
What are non-coding parts of DNA?
MicroRNAs and siRNAs block ______.
What is translation?
To make more sequences of DNA is the goal of...
What is PCR?