unit 6 session exit ticket

unit 1

100

definition for arduous and how far does it trace back; latin, old Irish, or Old Norse.  

extremely difficult to achieve

 Old Norse örthigr

200

what are central ideas and how to find them in text.

A central idea is an overarching message or truth that is specific to a text. Central ideas are the key points authors make and the ones they want you to remember most. Central ideas may be directly stated in a text, but more often they are implied. This means you must sometimes use key supporting details in the text to infer central ideas. But remember: All central ideas are supported by relevant details and facts in the text.

300

what is needed in order to write an objective summary, and what is an objective summary.

objective summary—a brief account of the facts of a text—your goal is to understand the text’s most important points: its central ideas. When planning for this, it can be helpful to first examine the task, purpose, and audience for the text.

400

how to find implicit and explicit meanings in text.

Depending on task and purpose, explicit meaning is easy to detect, and it clearly communicates an author’s direct message or meaning. Implicit meaning, on the other hand, requires readers to read between the lines, to gather surrounding textual information, and then to make an inference. When making an inference, readers usually gather explicitly stated evidence and other clues to arrive at deeper implied meanings. 

500

write an objective summary of this passage:

If you are bitten by a snake, keep calm. Try to observe the markings and colors of the snake that bit you, and note the time the bite occurred. Remain as still as possible because any movement or rush of adrenaline caused by anxiety or excitement can make potential venom course more quickly throughout the body. Remove any clothing, jewelry, or other constricting items near the wound. Many different kinds of snakes live in different parts of the country. Get emergency medical help as quickly as possible by calling 911 or calling for help from a passerby if a phone is not immediately available.

Snakebite victims should keep calm and still, notice the snake’s appearance and the time the bite occurred, remove constricting items near the bite, and call 911 immediately.

unit 2

100

emulate definition

to strive to imitate or approach equality with

200

figurative language and nuance in writing

Figurative language explains or clarifies one item in terms of another on a nonliteral level.

Nuance involves the shades of meaning that distinguish words with similar denotations from one another, adding a positive, negative, or neutral spin to the meaning.

300

what types of evidence can be used in informative writing. Where to look for current and credible information.  

Facts, statistics, definitions, scientific data, examples, quotations, or testimony from authorities.

• academic journals
• newspapers and magazines
• books
• informational videos
• print and digital encyclopedias
• credible websites and other online sources
• public libraries

400

key terms and specialized vocabulary.

No particular food will boost your performance before a major test, but if you want to give yourself the best advantage, start by eating breakfast each day. Kicking off the day with a breakfast that includes complex carbohydrates, protein and healthy fats can regulate blood pressure and keep teens satisfied for a few hours until lunch. Getting too few carbs, calories, vitamins and minerals can lead to poor concentration and feeling tired.

In the excerpt, the terms carbohydrates, protein, healthy fats, carbs, calories, vitamins, and minerals are domain-specific vocabulary. They fall into this category because they relate to the topic of nutrition. The author uses these terms to point out the types of foods and nutrients adolescents should be consuming daily.

500

citing evidence: incorporating sources

There are several ways to include information from sources in your research paper:

• Paraphrase important ideas and details.
• Summarize main points from a longer source.
• Use direct quotations to convey another individual’s words or ideas.

unit 3

100

pervasive definition

existing or spreading throughout something

200

what are the rhetorical appeals and their definitions.

Appeal to ethos

• also called the ethical appeal or appeal to authority
• persuades through credibility or authority

Appeal to kairos

• also called the appeal to timeliness
• persuades through seizing the opportunity at the right time

Appeal to logos

• also called the logical or rational appeal
• persuades through logical evidence and sound reasoning

Appeal to pathos

• also called the emotional appeal
• persuades through emotional connection

300

revising for content

When you revise the content of your writing, consider how you might be able to refine the essay’s clarity, focus, and flow. The first step in the revision process is to look at the ideas in your paper. Review the entire paper to ensure that the focus remains constant and centers on the thesis statement. Ideas should be clearly presented and arranged in a logical sequence. Think about how your paper is organized, and consider whether the order of ideas still makes sense now that you have completed the entire draft. Make sure each paragraph supports your thesis statement. Paragraphs need to be organized in a way that makes sense and allows the ideas to flow smoothly.

400

Read the excerpt from “President Kennedy’s Moon Speech.”

For space science, like nuclear science and all technology, has no conscience of its own. Whether it will become a force for good or ill depends on man, and only if the United States occupies a position of preeminence can we help decide whether this new ocean will be a sea of peace or a new terrifying theater of war.

In the excerpt, Kennedy’s point of view is that the United States should continue space exploration.

Which options effectively explain how Kennedy uses an appeal to pathos in the excerpt to convey his point of view?

• Kennedy implies that the United States is the only country that will keep space science peaceful. Kennedy implies that the United States is the only country that will keep space science peaceful. 
• Kennedy implies that the United States has the conscience that space science lacks. Kennedy implies that the United States has the conscience that space science lacks. 
• Kennedy implies that if the United States does not remain the leader, space science will be used for the wrong purposes. Kennedy implies that if the United States does not remain the leader, space science will be used for the wrong purposes. 
• Kennedy implies that the United States is setting up the world for war if it does not take the lead for space exploration. Kennedy implies that the United States is setting up the world for war if it does not take the lead for space exploration. 

• Kennedy implies that the United States is the only country that will keep space science peaceful. 
• Kennedy implies that if the United States does not remain the leader, space science will be used for the wrong purposes. 

500

what is the typical structure of an introduction paragraph.

• “hook” the reader with an intriguing question, vivid anecdote, or other technique to spark interest and to make connections
• provide context and background about the topic—the “big picture”
• show the importance of the main idea
• narrow the scope of information and lead naturally to the thesis statement

unit 4

100

candor definition and pluralism definition

frankness or honesty;

a state of society in which diverse groups participate

200

themes in U.S. documents

The foundational documents of the United States have many themes, but several seem to appear again and again throughout. Some of these common themes are these:

• A government’s power must have limits.
• Power is balanced between the federal government and individual states’ governments.
• America represents an ideal of freedom and justice.
• All humans have rights.

300

counter claims; basic structure

they are claims that are in the opposite direction of your stated position on the issue. They are the opposing arguments. In argument, you anticipate your audience’s counterclaims by addressing them in your essay.

• list one counterclaim that you anticipate against one of the “because” statements of your thesis statement
• support it with evidence
• rebut that counterclaim with evidence

400

presidential rhetoric

Read the excerpt from “Remarks by the President on Osama bin Laden.”

We give thanks for the men who carried out this operation, for they exemplify the professionalism, patriotism, and unparalleled courage of those who serve our country. And they are part of a generation that has borne the heaviest share of the burden since that September day.

Which answer most accurately identifies Obama’s purpose for using the metaphor “has borne the heaviest share of the burden”?

• to point out the emotional difficulties related to occupying a position of leadership during a crisisto point out the emotional difficulties related to occupying a position of leadership during a crisis
• to point out the mental and physical difficulties faced by the military team that killed Osama bin Ladento point out the mental and physical difficulties faced by the military team that killed Osama bin Laden
• to reference the physical injuries sustained by Americans who were near the World Trade Center siteto reference the physical injuries sustained by Americans who were near the World Trade Center site
• to reference the complicated pressures and stresses felt by the military and young Americans

• to reference the complicated pressures and stresses felt by the military and young Americans

500

evidence for writing

relevant, sufficient, and reputable

unit 5

100

indemnity definition; veracity definition

protection against loss or damage;

truthfulness or accuracy

200

elements of an argument (Toulmin Model)

The Toulmin Model of Argument describes a way of structuring logical arguments. Understanding its elements can help you evaluate the arguments of others. If any element of this model is missing, the argument may have logical flaws that affect its validity. There are five primary components of the Toulmin Model of Argument: claim, reasons, evidence, anticipated counterclaim (or rebuttal), and warrant (or backing).

300

basic structure and requirements for conclusion

1. restatement of thesis statement
2. additional closure elements

Do not include these items in the conclusion:

• any new information about the topic
• any new claims

to provide closure:

• Use a call to action.
• Link back to the attention grabber.
• Explain the importance of your topic and/or look to the future.
• Comment on the broader implications.

400

analyzing legal reasoning

Which options correctly identify the legal issues in the case of Riley v. California?

• whether the digital content on David Riley’s phone was illegally obtained
• whether David Riley’s Fourth Amendment rights were violated

500

editing writing:

• Although distracted driving is often associated with texting on cell phones, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration defines it much more broadly, the agency says that distracted driving also includes eating, talking to passengers in the car while driving, and changing the radio station. Even putting on the air conditioning can be a distraction.

• Although distracted driving is often associated with texting on cell phones, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration defines it much more broadly(; or .) The agency says that distracted driving also includes eating, talking to passengers in the car while driving, and changing the radio station. Even putting on the air conditioning can be a distraction.