A child who is afraid of spiders sees a large spider on her lawn and is now afraid of grassy areas.
What is classical conditioning?
100
A right might remember the details of a maze after passive exposure to it, but may not demonstrate that knowledge in the absence of reinforcement.
What is latent learning?
100
Insight learning involves this.
What is the perception of familiar objects in new forms or relationships?
100
Negative reinforcement involves this.
What is the removal of an aversive stimulus?
100
This is not a key difference between operant and classical conditioning.
What is they are based on the behaviorist theory?
200
Jordan has been a coffee drinker of the past ten years. He has noticed that the sight of his cup makes him more alert. This is the conditioning stimulus.
What is his coffee cup?
200
A child was attacked and bitten by a big dog, and he is now afraid of all types of dogs.
What is generalization?
200
Learning can occur in the absence of personal experience is an example of this.
What is observational learning?
200
A rat learns to escape an electric shock as soon as it is given through a small opening in an operant chamber.
What is negative reinforcement?
200
Increases the likelihood that a behavior will occur again in the future.
What is a reinforcement in operant conditioning?
300
Classical conditioning involves this type of behavior.
What is involuntary?
300
Offering a child an external reward for reading, something the child already enjoys, will likely result in less enjoyment in reading and reduced likelihood of choosing to read in the future if there is no reward.
What is over justification?
300
Punishments must be administered in this way for it to be effective.
What is immediately and consistently?
300
People who repeatedly buy lottery tickets believe that if they play enough, they will eventually win.
What is variable ratio schedule of reinforcement?
300
If Pavlov's dogs suddenly begin salivating at the sound of a door bell after not reacting to a bell for months, it is an example of this.
What is spontaneous recovery?
400
Jordan feels more aware only upon seeing his own coffee cup. He is demonstrating this.
What is stimulus discrimination?
400
A supervisor has difficulty when her company switches from one type of computer to another. She works more slowly because she continues to seek apps that are only available on her old computer.
What is negative transfer learning?
400
A punisher is an aversive consequence that does this.
What is weakens the behavior it follows?
400
A teacher checks in on her students at unpredictable times and awards bonus points to students who are engaged in the lesson.
What is variable interval schedule of reinforcement?
400
Operant conditioning involves this type of behavior.
What is voluntary?
500
By repeatedly presenting the CS without ever again pairing it with the UCS.
What is extinction?
500
You are sitting in a class when your professor holds up a large white feather. Most people will not respond to the feather in an important way because the feather is this.
What is a neutral stimulus?
500
This is part of our biological make-up and poses a problem for the classical conditioning theory.
What are taste aversions?
500
Negative and positive reinforcers both do this.
What is increase the likelihood of the behavior?
500
You are trying to eat fewer sweets. Your friends start to taunt you with their candy. When you see your favorite candy, "lemon heads," you begin to salivate. Your reaction is this.