Technology & Industry
What revolutionary invention of the mid-1800s allowed information to be communicated in minutes rather than days?
What is the telegraph?
Because cotton farming was so profitable, most wealthy Southern planters chose to do this with their money instead of investing in industry.
What is reinvest it in agriculture?
This term describes the growing loyalty to one's own region of the country, rather than to the nation as a whole, which increased tensions between the North and South before the Civil War.
What is sectionalism?
While the Upper South produced more tobacco and vegetable crops, the Deep South focused on growing these two major cash crops.
What is cotton and rice?
At the start of the Civil War, the South had this key advantage over the North.
What are well-trained military leaders?
By the 1830s, factory workers in the North formed trade unions primarily to achieve this improvement in their working conditions.
What is to limit the number of hours they worked each day?
Both of these laws extended the rights of slaveholders into free states, increasing tensions between the North and South.
What are the Dred Scott v. Sandford decision and the Fugitive Slave Act?
This is the reason Kansas was nicknamed “Bleeding Kansas” in the 1850s.
What is because abolitionists and pro-slavery supporters clashed violently there?
What was the main goal of Abraham Lincoln when he first became president in 1861?
What is: To preserve the Union, even if that meant allowing slavery to continue where it already existed?
By signing the Emancipation Proclamation in 1863, Abraham Lincoln did this to the Union’s war goals.
What is broadened them to include ending slavery?
In the early to mid-1800s, this was a common reality for children working in factories.
What is working 6 days a week for 12 hours or more each day?
This was the reaction of many Southern slaveholders after Nat Turner’s 1831 rebellion.
What is they treated enslaved people more harshly out of fear of future uprisings?
This is how John Brown’s raid on Harpers Ferry revealed the deep sectional divide between the North and the South.
What is it frightened Southerners, who believed the North might use violence to end slavery?
This was Abraham Lincoln’s main goal when he first became president in 1861.
What was to preserve the Union?
This major Pennsylvania battle ended Confederate General Robert E. Lee’s hopes of successfully invading the North.
What is the Battle of Gettysburg?
In the industrial North during the early 1800s, this action by factory workers was illegal.
What is going on strike?
This was the main responsibility of a conductor on the Underground Railroad.
What is to move runaways safely from station to station?
This was clearly demonstrated by the outcome of the presidential election of 1860.
What is that political parties in the nation were strongly divided along sectional lines?
The Seneca Falls Convention of 1848 brought people together to discuss this important social issue.
What was women's rights?
Sherman’s March to the Sea was an example of this military strategy that brought destruction to civilian farms and towns.
What is total war?
Other than agriculture, this industry became one of the few to grow strong in the South during the mid-1800s.
What is iron production?
How did the Underground Railroad challenge the system of slavery and influence public opinion in the North?
What is: It helped thousands of enslaved people escape to freedom, exposed the cruelty of slavery, and increased Northern support for abolition while angering many in the South who demanded stricter enforcement of slave laws?
Explain how the Supreme Court’s decision in Dred Scott v. Sandford deepened the divide between the North and South and pushed the nation closer to civil war.
What is: The decision declared that African Americans were not citizens and that Congress could not ban slavery in the territories, which outraged Northerners, pleased Southerners, and increased sectional tensions over the expansion of slavery?
Explain how the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 led to increased violence and pushed the nation closer to civil war.
What is: It allowed settlers in those territories to decide on slavery through popular sovereignty, overturning the Missouri Compromise, which led to violent conflict between pro-slavery and anti-slavery settlers in “Bleeding Kansas,” deepening the sectional divide?
Passed by Congress on January 31, 1865, the Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution did this.
What is banned slavery in the United States?