Feudalism
Who were the highest-ranking individuals in the feudal system?
Lords
What was the head of the Catholic Church called?
Pope
The Black Death was primarily spread by ___.
Fleas on rats
What was a "guild" in medieval Europe?
Trade organization
What was the main responsibility of a vassal?
military service
Which architectural style became prominent for cathedrals in the Middle Ages?
Gothic
What effect did the Black Death have on the labor force?
Increased wages
Medieval towns were typically located near ____.
Feudal contracts were typically based on ___.
Verbal agreements
Which powerful tool did the Church use to enforce obedience?
Excommunication
Following the Black Death, there was a shift towards___.
Urbanization
The middle class that emerged in towns was often referred to as ___.
Bourgeoisie
Serfs were typically bound to _____.
The Land
What was the purpose of the monastic life in the Middle Ages?
Spiritual dedication
Approximately what fraction of Europe's population died from the Black Death?
1/3
The growth of towns led to a decline in ____.
Feudalism
protection and security
The Church provided what to the people in medieval Europe?
Spiritual guidance
The Black Death is believed to have originated in ___.
Asia
Trade fairs were important because they ___.
Facilitated commerce and cultural exchange