Vocab 1
The First US federal law to define us citizenship & affirm that all citizens are equally protected by the law- aimed at securing rights for freedmen after the Civil War
Civil Rights Act of 1866
African Americans who were freed from slavery during & after the Civil War
Freedmen
Amendment to the US Constitution that abolished slavery & involuntary servitude throughout the US, except as punishment (1865)
13th Amendment
Commemorates the day in 1865 when UNion soldiers arrived in Texas, to announce the freedom of the last enslaved African Americans in the Confederacy
Juneteenth
Informal, unwritten deal that settled the dispute over the presidential election of 1867- Southern Democrats allowed Hayes (republican) to become president if the north took their federal troops from the south-ending reconstruction
Compromise of 1877
Thousands of African Americans who migrated from the post Reconstruction SOuth to the West during the 1870s-1890s to escape racial violence, oppression & economic Hardships
Exodusters
Amendment that grants citizenship to all persons born or naturalized in the US & guarantees all citizens equal protection of the laws, due process, & privileges
14th Amendment
Constitutional, political process where the house of Representatives accuses federal Officials including the President of “Treason, Bribery, or other high crimes & misdemeanors” Serves as a check on abuse of power
Impeachment
Northerners who went south after the Civil War to help freedmen & reconstruction
Carpet Baggers
Us Agency created to assist millions of formerly enslaved people and impoverished whites in the south during Reconstruction. Providing Food, clothing, medical care, etc
Freedman's Bureau
Restrictive laws passed by the southern states immediately after the Civil War to restrict freedom of African Americans & force them into labor-based slave-like conditions
Black Codes
Outlined terms for readmission of the rebel states. It divided the former confederate states into 5 military districts under the authority of union generals & mandated that new state constitutions must allow African Americans to vote
Military Reconstruction Act of 1867
Forced punishment labor that emerged in the southern US during Reconstruction. State & local governments leased prisoners to private companies-substituted for slavery
Convict Leasing
State & Local laws in the US, mainly in the south that enforced segregation between black & white people from the 1800s-1960s. These laws mandated “Separate but equal”
Jim Crow Laws
Amendment to the US COnstitution that prohibits federal & state governments from denying a citizen the right to vote based on “race, color, or previous condition of servitude”
15th Amendment
LANDMARK us SUPREME cOURT CASE THAT UPHELD THE Constitutionality OF RACIAL SEGREGATION UNDER THE “separate BUT EQUAL” DOCTRINE.- ALLOWING STATES TO ENFORCE SEGREGATION
Plessy v. Ferguson
Northern RepublicaN CONGressmen who supported african american citizenship and punishment for former confederates
Radical Republicans
White Southerners who supported Reconstruction
Period of time after the American Civil War from 1865-1877- when the US was challenged with Reintegrating the rebel states back into the Union
Reconstruction
Post Civil War agriculture system in the South where white landowners allowed mostly black & some poor white farmers to use land in exchange for large shares of their crop yields
Share Cropping
POTUS Lincoln’s reconstruction proposal to quickly reintegrate southern states by allowing them back into the Union when 10% of their 1860 voters swore an oath of loyalty, accepted emancipation & formed new state Governments
Ten Percent Plan
A white supremacist group that opposed Reconstruction & equal rights for formerly enslaved people
Ku Klux Klan