Wave Types
What category of waves do standing waves fall into?
Transverse Waves
what are the lowest and highest point of a wave called?
Crest and Trough
What is the electron configuration of Oxygen?
Oxygen is the eighth element on the periodic table and has a total of 8 electrons. Oxygen’s electron configuration is written by first recognizing that the first two electrons go in the 1s orbital. Since the s orbitals has a maximum capacity of two electrons, the next two electrons go in the 2s orbital while the remaining four go in the 2p orbital. Therefore, oxygen’s electron configuration is written as 1s^2 2s^2 2p^4 (Terpconnect).
Define Coulombic Attraction
It is the attraction force between negative and positive charges.
What does it mean if, within a bonded pair of atoms, atom A in a lot more electronegative then atom B?
If this is the case, then the bonded pair of electrons will be attracted more by Atom A and will be physically closer to Atom A.
What are the two different types of waves? Give a specific example of each one.
transverse and longitudinal.
Examples of transverse waves: water ripples, vibrating guitar string, electromagnetic waves, etc
Examples of longitudinal waves: sound waves, ultrasound waves, etc
What's the equation used to find the wavelength?
wavelength = velocity/frequency
What is Hund’s Rule and what does the rule apply to?
Hund’s Rule is “Half fill before you Full fill”, it explains how you fill in orbital diagrams. The boxes in orbital diagrams represent the orbitals, and the arrows you draw in the boxes represent the electrons in the orbitals. Hund’s Rule is established upon energy calculations which indicate that atoms actually distribute their electrons into orbitals half fill before full fill. Thus, when drawing orbital diagrams, you place electrons singly into the boxes before filling them with two electrons (Chemistry & Biochemistry).
What distance are the atomic radii?
The distance from the nucleus to a valence electron.
What is the trend for Coulombic attraction down and across the Period Table?
Coulombic attraction of the elements decreased down the Table but increases across it.
If they are in-phase, they interfere constructively, but if they are opposite phase they have destructive interferience.
What is the significance of Planck's constant?
Planck's constant represents the amount of energy a photon carries; it's an important quantity in the study of quantum mechanics.
What is the relationship between electron configuration and the periodic table?
The periodic table was constructed in a manner where elements with similar electron configurations are aligned into the same groups (columns). The elements aligned in each group share a common last orbital filled, the only difference is the shell number. The reason as to why the periodic table is organized in this fashion is because the electron configuration of an element determines its properties and similar configurations yield similar properties (Chemistry & Biochemistry).
What does Electronegativity measure?
Electronegativity measures how much an atom attracts a bonded pair of electrons.
IF an electron is added to a nonmetal atom, is the energy absorbed or released.
It is released
Name five types of electromagnetic waves
Possible answers: Radio Waves, Microwaves, Infrared waves, Visible light rays, Ultraviolet waves, X-rays, and Gamma Rays.
Wavelength = 525nm
frequency = 400 Hz
What is the velocity in m/s?
525nm = 5.25 x 10^-7 meters
(5.25 x 10^-7)m x 400Hz
= 2.1 x 10^-4 m/s
Name at least 2 periodic properties that are directly impacted by electron configuration and explain how they are affected.
The periodic properties that are directly influenced by electron configuration are atomic size, electronegativity, ionization energy, and electron affinity. Electron configuration determines the size of atoms by making elements increase of decrease in atomic size. With each row of the table you go down you are adding a shell of electron, naturally making the atom have a bigger size. As you go across the periodic table, the number of protons in the nucleus and number of valence shell electrons increase, while, the number of inner shell electrons do not change. Thus, with the addition of protons the pull on electrons in the atom increases, and since the number of inner shell electrons do not, electrons are pulled closer to the nucleus, making the element’s atomic size decrease. This also explains how electron configuration directly determines the electronegativity of an element, because an atoms ability to pull electrons towards itself is based upon its electron configuration. Ionization energy is impacted by electron configuration because the more electronegative an element is, the higher the ionization energy it has. Electron affinity is impacted by electron configuration because it follows the same pattern in the periodic table as electronegativity (Chemistry & Biochemistry).
The first ionization energy of an element?
It is the energy required to remove an atom's highest energy valence electron.
Why does the ionization energy of an element increase across the periodic table?
The number of valence electrons increases across the table. The more valence electrons, the more energy is needed to remove one.