DNA
DNA stands for ___________________________
Deoxyribonucleic acid
RNA stands for ____________________
Ribonucleic acid
DNA has a specific shape called a _____________________, which can be described as a twisted ladder.
double helix
Base-pairing rules state that A always pairs with ____.
T (Thymine)
What is the name for the sugar in DNA?
deoxyribose
What is the name for the sugar in RNA?
ribose
True/False: DNA exists normally in your cells as a single-strand of nucleotides, having one backbone connected to nitrogenous bases.
False (DNA is double-stranded)
Base-pairing rules state that G always pairs with _____.
C (Cytosine)
DNA nucleotides are made up of three components:
1. A sugar
2. A phosphate
3. A nitrogen base
Name the nitrogenous bases for RNA.
Adenine, Uracil, Cytosine, Guanine
Thinking back to the twisted ladder analogy, what do the sides of the ladder represent?
backbones of DNA (made up of sugars and phosphates)
If one side of a strand of DNA reads ATCGAT, use the base-pair rules to come up with the sequence on the other, complementary strand of the same DNA.
TAG-CTA
Name the nitrogenous bases for DNA.
Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine
Name the 3 types of RNA and briefly describe the function of each one.
mRNA (carries instructions from DNA to ribosomes in cytoplasm)
tRNA (carries amino acids to ribosomes)
rRNA - forms ribosome (site of protein synthesis)
A set of nitrogenous bases are called _______
codon
One strand of DNA reads GGACTTC, what is the sequence on the other, complementary strand?
CCTGAAG
The type of bond that holds base pairs together is...
hydrogen bond
Name the enzyme that breaks the hydrogen bonds in DNA
helicase
What were the names of the two scientists who first modeled the structure of a DNA molecule as a twisted, double-helix shape.
Watson & Crick
Translate the following sequence: AUG-ACG-CAC-GAC-CAG-UAG
Met-Thr-His-Asp-Gin-Stop