Nationalism
He led the military campaign in southern Italy that helped unify the country.
Giuseppe Garibaldi
The rapid colonization of Africa in the late 19th century is often referred to as this.
The Scramble for Africa
This European empire became a dual monarchy in 1867.
Austria-Hungary
This theory misapplied Darwin’s ideas to justify imperialism and racism.
Social Darwinism
This 19th-century artistic and intellectual movement emphasized emotion, nature, individualism, and a reaction against Enlightenment rationalism.
Romanticism
This 19th-century ruler of France combined authoritarianism with nationalist appeal.
Napoleon III
The 1884 conference that regulated European colonization and trade in Africa.
Berlin Conference
This 1905 conflict marked the first modern Asian victory over a European power.
Russo-Japanese War
This thinker explored the unconscious mind and developed psychoanalysis.
Sigmund Freud
This art movement sought to capture fleeting moments and light effects.
Impressionism
This war in 1870 helped Bismarck unite the southern German states with the north.
Franco-Prussian War of 1870
This British colony in Asia experienced the Sepoy Rebellion in 1857.
India
This region was known as "the powder keg of Europe" due to its ethnic tensions and frequent conflict.
The Balkans
This scientist discovered radioactivity and won two Nobel Prizes
Marie Curie
This literary movement focused on depicting everyday life with accuracy.
Realism
A political scandal in France in the late 19th and early 20th centuries that involved the wrongful conviction of a Jewish officer in the French Army for treason.
The Dreyfus Affair
This monarch personally ruled the Congo Free State, leading to international outrage.
King Leopold II
This 1854-56 war exposed Russian military weakness and led to reforms.
This Russian scientist studied conditioned reflexes through experiments with dogs.
Ivan Pavlov
This invention likely caused the shift of visual art away from realism towards the abstract.
Photography / The Camera
The growing influence of this country in Central Europe threatened Austria-Hungary's influence in the Balkan region.
Serbia
This technological breakthrough allowed Europeans to travel safely in malaria-prone regions.
Quinine
This Slavic nationalist movement threatened the internal stability of empires like Austria-Hungary.
Pan-Slavism
A fundamental theory in physics, founded by Max Planck, describing the behavior of matter and energy at the smallest scales, specifically at the level of atoms and subatomic particles.
It undermined the Newtonian Worldview that all matter behaved according to universal set of laws.
Quantum Theory
This philosopher proclaimed “God is dead” and questioned Western morality, advocating for the creation of the Ubermënsch unburdened by Christian morality.
Friedrich Nietzsche