Industrialization & Deindustrialization
Movement from agriculture to manufacturing is known as what?
Industrialization
What does GDP measure?
Total value of goods and services produced within a country
Farming and mining belong to which sector?
Primary
What concept explains how countries specialize based on efficiency?
Comparative advantage
What does “scale of analysis” mean?
Level of data—local, regional, national, or global
What region in the U.S. experienced decline due to factory closures?
Rust Belt
What three components make up the HDI?
Life expectancy, education, income
Research and technology belong to which sector?
Quaternary
What small‑scale financial practice supports local entrepreneurship?
Microlending / Microfinance
What is a “trend” in a graph?
General direction of data over time
What theory predicts factory location based on transport, labor, and agglomeration?
Least‑Cost Theory
What indicator measures gender‑based inequality?
Gender Inequality Index (GII)
Manufacturing belongs to which sector?
Secondary
What term describes interconnected economies that depend on each other?
Interdependence
What is a “pattern”?
Visible arrangement or relationship among data points
What term describes flexible production and just‑in‑time delivery?
Post‑Fordism
Why can GDP per capita hide inequality?
It averages income, masking wealth gaps
Services and retail belong to which sector?
Tertiary
What type of tourism aims to balance environment and economy?
Ecotourism
What is a “limitation of data”?
Missing variables or context that affect interpretation
Name one spatial pattern linked to deindustrialization and one to postindustrial growth.
Rust Belt decline / Sun Belt growth
What is one limitation of development data maps?
They show one year only / ignore informal economies
CEOs and decision‑makers belong to which sector?
Quinary
How can global financial systems spread crises?
Through interconnected trade and investment networks
How can policy influence women’s labor‑force participation?
Through education, family support, and workplace flexibility