Progressives (Lesson 20)
What does the 19th Amendment do?
Allowed women to vote
How did the Hawaiian Islands become part of the United States?
After forcing the queen off of her throne, the U.S. annexed Hawaii.
What is jazz?
Jazz is an American form of music that combines music from the U.S., Europe, and Africa. It is a combination of the blues and ragtime.
What is "Black Tuesday"?
October 29, 1929
It is the day the stock market crashed because there was a great wave of selling
What were some motivating forces for change during the Progressive era?
Racial prejudice
business monopolies
environmental destruction
-The U.S. annexed the Philippines and Puerto Rico.
-Cuba gained independence and U.S. leased land there for a naval base.
What allowed Henry Ford to build cars more efficiently and cheaper than before?
assembly lines
What were "Hoovervilles"?
They were temporary towns built on the edge of cities so that poor/homeless people had shelter.
How did the Populist Party impact life in the United States?
It looked at problems in the country that needed to be fixed
How did the U.S. entering WWI impact the war?
-U.S. provided fresh troops, equipment, and weapons that weakened the Germans. It lead to an end of the war.
What was the Harlem Renaissance?
An outpouring of creations amount African American writers, artists, and musicians with Harlem, NY at the center of the movement.
What New Deal program still exists today and helps retired people have an income?
Social Security Act
What two progressives worked together to protect the environment by protecting the National Parks?
John Muir and Theodore Roosevelt
Why did the U.S. declare war on Germany and join World War I (WWI)?
-Archduke Ferdinand is assassinated
-The British ship Lusitania is sunk.
-U.S. merchant ships are attacked after Germany agreed to only attack ships after giving warning.
The debate of the Scopes Trial led to a cultural clash between which groups?
modernists and traditionalists
How did the New Deal change the role of the federal government?
It allowed the federal government to have a bigger role in the lives of Americans by providing for social welfare and addressing other issues (they typically would have stayed out of/left to the states before)
Why was the NAACP created by W.E.B. Dubois?
To help ensure people of color were treated fairly and to provide equailty
How did the U.S. Senate respond to the peace treaty that ended WWI?
-They refused to sign the peace plan President Wilson proposed. This made it so that the U.S. could NOT join the League of Nations.
Short Answer:
What trends and innovations shaped American culture during the 1920s? Provide two specific examples.
-consumer goods: people were able to purchase goods to make their life easier
-department stores (mail ordering): stores like Sears allowed people to order items directly to their house
-automobiles: more people owned cars and could travel farther for work. Farmers that were once isolated (alone) could now travel more places. People also worked to build more highways to connect more places. It also lead to gas stations, diners, motels, and campgrounds to pop up.
-Women: more women were in the work force and families were smaller, women could also vote
-Economy: the price of goods was decreasing while people were earning more money. This made it so that people could spend more on consumer goods.
-Great Migration: 2 million African Americans moved north for better opportunities in the factories.
-Harlem Renaissance: influx of African Art (music, writing, art) that focused on the black experience and culture.
-Jazz music: widely popular and the 1920s became known as the Jazz age. This music brought young black and white people together.
Prohibition: ban of alcohol because some people believed that it lead to many problems. Alcohol was served at many night clubs and encouraged people to break the law.
Movies: became big, early in the 1920s movies were silent; however, they got sound in 1927 (The Jazz Singer was the first movie with sound)
Work day: 8 hour days and 40 hour work weeks were the norma in most industries which left Americans with free time.
Red Scare: People were scared of groups like Communists (Red was a term for communists). This lead to people being arrested for being accused of being communists.
Ku Klux Klan: This anti-immigrant group was revived. It often lashed out with violence against African Americans, immigrants, Catholics, Jews and anyone else they felt were "un-American".
How did the Great Depression affect the United States?
-People who kept their money in a bank went bankrupt and/or lost their life savings.
-Many businesses failed because they couldn't get loans from banks.
-Prices for goods like wheat and cotton fell, making farmers go more into debt.
-Many families didn't earn a lot of money in the 1920s and weren't able to buy products the factories were making.
-Unemployment: Businesses that kept going needed a lot fewer workers
-People had to use their savings and sell their belongings.
-People weren't able to pay their bills.
-People lost their houses, became homeless, and moved into "Hooverilles"
-People had no food and would look for it in garbage cans and alleys
-Increase in divorce, separation, and kids being placed in orphanages