Natural Selection, Genetic Variation & Allele Frequencies
Selection on Populations
Speciation
Natural Selection, Genetic Drift, & Gene Flow
Adaptations & Behavior
Evolution
Proof of Evolution
Genetic Variation
Mutations
Correlation vs Causation
100
Think back to the images of Darwin's Galapogos tortoises. Variations, which Darwin discovered could exit among populations in the same location, can be caused by which THREE factors?
A. Mutations B. Independent Assortment C. Overhunting
D. Crossing Over E. Artificial Selection
A, B, C
100
Normal distribution shows data in which most of the values fall in the middle of two extremes and is represented by a ______ curve.
bell
100
Which of the following examples is an example of allopatric speciation?
A. Fish in a lake begin to adopt different feeding styles at different depths.
B. A population of squirrels is separated by the Grand Canyon.
B
100
________ _______ often describes the change in allele frequences due to chance.
genetic drift
100
In the pesticide example, some insects had a mutation that made them ________.
resistant
100
Which description best fits the definition of evolution? 
The biological changes in populations over time.
100
D
100
Select all the processes that increase genetic variation in a population:
Independent Assortment
Mitotic Reproduction
The randomness of sexual reproduction
Crossing Over
Dominant Traits
1, 3, 4
100
Errors in DNA ________ can cause introduce errors in gene sequences.
REPLICATION
100
One event directly causes another event to happen is called __________________
Two things happen at the same time but one does not necessarily cause the other is called ____________
causation
correlation
200
A gene pool consists of allele pairs for freckles or no freckles (F=freckles, f=no freckles). What is the frequeny of the allele for coding for freckles in the following:
ff Ff ff ff FF Ff FF ff ff ff ff ff
6/24 or 1/4 = 25%
200
The selection trend graph that represents both extremes being favored over the average in a population is the:
disruptive
200
Which of the following examples is an example of sympatric speciation?
A. Two varieties of fruit flies in the same orchard prefer to lay eggs on different types of fruit.
B. A mountain range forms, dividing a population of beetles.
A
200
Over-hunting a species in short time period can be considered an example of what kind of effect?
Bottlenect Effect
200
B
200
This type of anatomical proof of evolution might suggest that two organisms have features that are structurally similar but differ in function.
homologous
200
T or F: All living things have the same four basic nucleotides that make up the genome.
True
200
Mutations in the TBX5 gene can impact limb development in various species. Which of the following are possible ways such mutations could occur and affect the organism?
A frameshift mutation leads to the loss of functional protein, resulting in malformed or absent limbs.
Exposure to high levels of radiation causes DNA damage, leading to a TBX5 mutation that disrupts limb development.
A silent mutation occurs, causing no change in the TBX5 protein or limb development.
Increased physical activity during development alters TBX5 expression, affecting limb growth.
1 2
200
True or False:
Exposure to mutagens that damage DNA such as radiation and chemicals can cause mutations
TRUE
200
Is the following an example of correlation or causation?
As it gets hotter outside, slurpee sales sky rocket
correlation
300
Sometimes humans determine which traits are favorable and then breed organisms that show those traits, which is an example of:
A. natural selection B. adaptation C. artificial selection D. selective mutations
C
300
The selection trend graph that represents one extreme being favored over the average in a population is the:
directional
300
________ __________ results when animals of once the same species adapt different traits to survive a different environment are no longer recognized by an original group so reproduction between the two seizes to occur.
reproductive isolation
300
Flowers can grow in the wild or be cultivated. A bee may transport pollen from a farm that cultivates flowers of different colors to a nearby area where only wild white flowers grow. The pollen can fertilize the wild flower, introducing new genetic material into the wild population.This is an example of _______ _______
genetic flow
300
C
300
Wisdom teeth, the appendix, and coccyx (tailbone) are human examples of these structures ________.
vestigial
300
Radiographs of both the human hand and a bat's wing suggest that the two features have similar structures but different functions.These are examples of __________ structures.
homologous
300
Which type of cell division is responsible for genetic variation?
meiosis
300
The following is an example of ___________
Not charging your phone → dead phone battery
causation
400
In artificial selection, "humans" act as the selective agent, whereas in natural selection, _______ acts as the selective agent.
nature
400
Which selection trend best describes when medium tail length in a gecko population is favored over extremely long and extremely short tail lengths?
stabilizing
400
A canyon forms as tectonic plates shift separating a group of salamanders. This is an example of ________ speciation.
allopatric
400
founders effect
400
B
400
Which description does not fit the characteristics of evolution?
Populations evolve - not individuals
Molecular, anatomical and fossil evidence all serve as proof for the existence of evolution.
Evolution creates ideal organisms and there are no trade-offs for certain traits.
Evolution is a series of biological processes that happen over time.
3
400
These remnants once served an important purpose but not longer have a function: _________ structures.
Name two examples of these structures found in humans:
vestigial
wisdom teeth, appendix, Palmaris longus
400
True or False:
One main reason meiosis increases genetic variation in a species is because new genetic combinations occur through processes like crossing over and independent assortment
true
400
Correlation or causation?
98% of people with brain tumors wear their seatbelt
correlation
500
A farmer selecting for the largest and sweetest corn is an example of...
_______ selection
artificial
500
C
500
Homologous, analogous, and vestigial structures are all:
A. molecular forms of evidence of evolution
B. anatomical forms of evidence of evoltution
C. Biochemical forms of evidence of evoltution
D. Fossils
B
500
C
500
Fossils are preserved remains or traces of organisms found in what kind of rock?
sedimentary
500
Exposure to sunlight increases the production of vitamin D in the skin
causation
600
can acquired somatic traits deveopled during a person's lifetime be passed on to offspring?
No, never
600
B
600
After discovering that the Dlx gene, which plays a role in limb and fin development, is shared between mammals and ancient fish, which additional evidence from fossils and skeletal structures would best support an evolutionary relationship between these groups?
The presence of homologous limb bone structures in fossilized fish and early tetrapods
Differences in the number of digits between modern mammals and ancient fish
The development of unique skeletal adaptations in unrelated aquatic species
The loss of limb structures in some modern fish species
1
600
Children who spend more time outdoors tend to have higher test scores.
correlation
700
A gene pool is all the __________ in a population.
alleles
700
gene flow
increase
700
Embryology often looks at the developmental stages of living things for classification. What three features do vertebrate embryos all have in common?
tail, limb buds, pharyngeal arches
700
Autosomal (non-sex chromosome) dominant is genetic pattern when a single copy of a mutated gene on a non-sex chromosome (autosome) from one parent causes a disease or trait. Affected individuals have a _______ chance of passing the gene to each child.
50%