Exploration
What was the Middle Passage?
The journey of slaves from Africa to America on the worst portion of the triangular trade route.
Absolute monarchs believed they had the divine right to rule. What does this mean?
What did European monarchies do during the Age of Absolutism (regarding power)?
Concentrated their power within a single authority (the monarch).
John Locke believed in three natural rights. These are:
Life, liberty, & property
What US document(s) did the Enlightenment influence?
The US Constitution & amendments
Why did the indigenous population decrease in the Americas during the Columbian Exchange?
The spread of disease that European explorers brought over.
Why was the execution of King Charles I so revolutionary?
He was the first king to be publicly overthrown and killed.
The nonviolent event where Protestants William & Mary were chosen to rule over King Charles ! was called...
The Glorious Revolution
John Locke believed that government came from the consent of the ______.
governed. "Government by the consent of the governed" --> society and law only function by the agreement of the people.
Who fought for women's rights and gender equality?
Mary Wollstonecraft
Define mercantlisim.
The belief in the benefits of profitable trading.
What did Oliver Cromwell establish following the English Civil War that he would later abolish?
A Commonwealth (republican form of government)
Documents like the Petition of Right (not the only document that did this, be sure to study the other one too) sought to...
limit the power of the English monarch
Who believed that people were naturally immoral and corrupt?
Who emphasized the importance of tolerance, freedom of religion and speech?
Voltaire
What was the Triangular Trade? (explicitly name all 3 parts)
The European countries traded finished/manufactured goods in Africa to gain gold, ivory and enslaved people.
The Americas provided raw materials for the countries of Europe that had established colonies.
European traders transported enslaved Africans to the Americas to provide slave labor to the Americas.
What is hapeas corpus?
A law passed by Parliament stating that a monarch was not allowed to arrest a person simply because they opposed the monarchy & the monarch was not allowed to deny a person a trial by jury
Define a constitutional monarchy
A system of government where laws (passed by Parliament) limit the ruler's/monarch's power.
Who believed that you are accused of a crime, you have the right to a speedy trial and will not be tortured
Beccaria
Who believed in the separation of powers?
Montesquieu
How did China view Western Civilizations during the Age of Isolationism?
They believed the Western Civilizations were highly skilled, but not nearly as skilled as China.
Who relaxed censorship laws and reformed education in Russia following her husband's modernization of Russia through absolute politics?
Catherine the Great
Which absolute monarch was a great patron of the arts and created a Golden Age in nations like Spain?
Philip II
What time period in history that we have STUDIED TOGETHER, does the Enlightenment have several similarities to? And why?
The Renaissance; answers may vary.
What was the Scientific Revolution and how did it lead to the Enlightenment?
A period of time where scholars studied new approaches to life that challenged traditional values in government, leading every day people to do the same. People in Europe began to start valuing reason and logic.