Industrialization
How has increased transportation technology affected the diffusion & expansion of industrial activities?
increased
Why did companies move their operations from New England & the Midwest to locations in the South?
less expensive site factors (cheap labor)
An area in China with economic laws and policies designed to attract foreign investment are called __________.
SEZs - special economic zones
Primary sector
production of raw materials or natural resource extraction
The debt-for-nature swaps are financial transactions in which a portion of a developing country's foreign debt is forgiven in exchange for local investments in environmental conservation measures. What would this program help to reduce globally?
uneven levels of development between countries
What is a break of bulk point?
What is the primary consideration in the location of an industrial site according to the classic model of industrial location theory?
cost of transportation
Economic ______________ between two places occur when each place specializes in commodities demanded by the other.
complementarities
Secondary Sector
processing or refining of natural resources
What is an economic negative effect that can occur in countries that depend on ecotourism?
It attracts multinational tourism corporations that take their earnings out of the country
How does the switch from stone bridges to steel bridges indicate industrialization?
The development of the metals industry led to higher & longer bridges and rapid industrialization
What is the term for the advantage gained by US companies relocating factories to the southern U.S. and Mexico?
comparative
The _________________ has an inverse or negative relationship with the level of economic development of a country.
birth rate
Tertiary Sector
services
The U.S. has more of what type of reserves than Russia or China?
coal
What impact on society did the invention of the steam engine trains and steel bridges have?
increasing demands for labor to build more trains & tracks
Growth Poles create situations for agglomerations. What growth pole location factors can not be shown on a map?
international networks of researchers, multinational corporate partners, accessibility of funding
When there is a difference between GII and HDI, the scores differ because they do not necessarily have the same level of ____________ as men
empowerment
Quaternary and Quinary
Quaternary - intellectual or knowledge-based economy
Quinary - top executives or officials in such fields as government, science, universities, nonprofits, health care, culture, and the media.
What is the term used for the selective transfer of some jobs to developing countries?
New International Division of Labor
An indication of industrialization is a shift in jobs in economic sectors. What is the shift one usually sees?
Secondary to Tertiary
Evaluating the disparity of median household incomes from different areas would be an indicator of what factor?
uneven development
The increase in Earth's temperature caused by carbon dioxide trapping some of the radiation emitted by the surface is called ______________.
the greenhouse effect
List & Explain 2 reasons for the decline in primary sector employment as a country develops
technological improvements - reduced need for human labor
industrialization - shift toward an increasing % of jobs in secondary & tertiary
rural to urban migration - increased secondary & tertiary-sector employment opportunities in urban areas
How does Wallerstein's world system's theory explain where some products are made and where these products are sold?
Manufacturing activity generally happens in semi-periphery countries and are shipped and sold to core countries