Industrial Revolution
Communism vs. Capitalism
Imperialism
Rebellions
Vocabulary
100
What is industrialization?
the widespread development of industries in a region or country, transforming an economy from an agricultural or handicraft-based focus to one dominated by machine manufacturing, factories, and technological innovation
100
Adam Smith wrote this, talked about how countries accumulate wealth, arguing that productivity, the division of labor, and free markets—rather than gold reserves—drive prosperity
The Wealth of Nations
100
Japan's Imperialism led to:
National pride and economic growth led to imperial expansion.
Japan began building an empire in East Asia.
Japan eventually competed directly with Western powers.
100
What event led to the Western influence in China and the loss of Chinese authority of its major ports and unfavorable trading treaties?
Opium Wars
100
Define Nationalism
Pride in one's own country
200
First Country to Industrialize
Great Britain
200
According to Karl Marx, why would people question capitalism?
Rapid industrial growth in Europe
Factories created large amounts of wealth
Workers faced long hours and dangerous conditions
Large wealth gap between owners and workers
200
What is the Meiji Restoration?
a transformative political and social revolution in Japan that overthrew the centuries-old Tokugawa Shogunate and restored practical power to Emperor Meiji
200
Opium Wars showed
The power of industrialized nations
The weakness of China at the time
200
Define Capitalism
an economic system based on the private ownership of the means of production (factories, mines, businesses) and their operation for profit
300
What advantages might a country have for industrializing later?
They often benefit from importing advanced machinery, learning from foreign expertise, and using cleaner, more efficient production processes, allowing for faster, more sustainable growth compared to early industrializers
300
Most Countries adopted what kind of economic system and why
Blended Economy! Most industrial nations adopted a middle ground:
Free markets with some regulation
Incorporating ideas like utilitarianism
Adjusting policies to balance growth and fairness
300
Prior to 1858, the British East India Company
ran India's government and economy with approval from Parliament.
300
The Chinese people staged the Boxer Rebellion to show they did not approve of
foreign imperialism/influence over China
300
Define Laissez-Faire
French for Let it Be. Government should have no say in the free market
400
When Germany surpass Great Britain in industrialization?
By 1913, German industrial output surpassed Britain, second only to the United States
Germany became a major industrial and military power
400
Karl Marx believed that society was divided mainly between
Proletariat and Bourgoisie
or
factory workers and factory owners
400
Describe what is likely happening
The image represents a metaphor that Africa is a cake to be divided among Europeans.
The image represents German Chancellor Otto von Bismarck cutting the Africa "cake".
400
Immediate cause of the Indian Revolt of 1857
Indian soldiers called Sepoys
Required to use rifle cartridges greased with:
Cow fat (offensive to Hindus)
Pig fat (offensive to Muslims)
400
Define Communism
political and economic ideology aiming for a classless, stateless society based on common ownership of the means of production, eliminating private property.
500
Japan's plan for Industrialization
Government built state-owned factories
Produced textiles and consumer goods
Sold factories to private investors (zaibatsu)
Profits funded reforms
Avoided foreign debt
500
Karl Marx believed who should overthrow the capitalist society
Workers
500
Most of the silver in China came from where?
2: South America
500
Imperialism is
When one order extends control over another
500
Define Strategic Location
a place offering significant advantages due to its position, enhancing goals like trade, military defense, or political influence
800
What resources could be gotten in Africa?
Rubber
Gold
Diamonds
Ivory
Palm oil
800
Explain the Berlin Conference
Raw materials (gold, rubber, diamonds)
New markets
Power and competition
Missionary efforts
Explain:
Borders were drawn randomly
Ignored ethnic groups and cultures
Created long-term conflict
800
Define Invisible Hand
individuals acting in self interest promote the overall good