Classical Conditinonig
What psychologist is BEST associated with this?
PAVOLV!
What psychologist is BEST associated with this?
B.F. Skinner!
Learning that can occur through observation, language, or other mental functions.
Cognitive Learning
A biological limitation, this idea focuses on how certain foods may be favored over harmful foods without the process of conditioning needing to take place
taste aversion
What psychologist is BEST associated with observational learning?
Albert Bandura!
This is the biological, natural behavior that is associated with a stimulus in Classical Conditioning.
Unconditioned Response
This term in Operant Conditioning will always result in INCREASING the desired behavior.
Reinforcement
This schedule reinforces a desired behavior some of the time in no apparent pattern
Partial (intermittent) Schedule
A personal limitation, the desire to perform a behavior to receive promised rewards or to avoid punishments and consequences
Extrinsic Motivation
In learning, the process of observing and imitating a specific behavior
Modeling
Pavlov's dogs were conditioned to salivate at the sound of a bell being rung. At this point, the bell would be considered what?
Conditioned Stimulus
The technique of strengthening behavior by reinforcing successive approximations is called
Shaping
A relatively permanent change in behavior due to experience
learning
Responses extinguish fastest when they are learned through which type of reinforcement schedule?
Continuous
A mental representation of the layout of one's environment. For example, after exploring a maze, rats act as if they have learned a cognitive map of it.
cognitive map
If beth gets in a car crash that results in her being conditioned to fear that specific location of the accident, what role does the accident play in Classical Conditioning?
Unconditioned Stimulus
A rat always completes a maze successfully but is only rewarded every third trial. The rat is being rewarded using which of the following reinforcement schedules?
Fixed-ratio
When learning has occurred, but it may not be apparent until an incentive has been given to the test subject to demonstrate their learning.
latent learning
The effect of promising a reward for doing what one already likes to do. The person may now see the reward, rather than intrinsic interest, as the motivation for performing the task.
overjustification effect
Frontal Lobe nerve cells that fire when performing specific motor actions but also when observing others do so
Mirror Neurons
If a dog is classically conditioned to salivate to the sound of the bell, and we remove that stimulus from the equation, what will eventually happen to the dog's conditioned response?
extinction - association between the bell and salivation will weaken over time until it is forgotten entirely.
Barney is a somewhat distractible second-grade student who finds schoolwork a bit boring. After a couple of minutes of working silently, Barney often starts to misbehave until his teacher, Ms. Skinner, calls his name and scolds him. However, he enjoys this attention from her and continues to misbehave. With respect to Barney’s misbehavior, Ms. Skinner’s attention serves as
positive reinforcement
What is the difference between primary and secondary reinforcers?
Primary: reinforcers that have innate reinforcing qualities (food, water, etc.) / Secondary: a stimulus that reinforces a behavior after it has been associated with a primary reinforcer.
Mariah developed a fear of the water when she fell off a river raft last summer. This year she took swimming lessons and thought she had finally overcome her fear of water. She was eagerly looking forward to an upcoming rafting trip, however, as soon as she stepped onto the raft she was instantly terrified again.
spontaneous recovery
What is the conclusion of the Bobo Doll experiment?
demonstrated that children are able to learn social behavior such as aggression through the process of observation learning, through watching the behavior of another person.