Natural Selection
Survival of the fittest (define it)
What is organisms with the best traits survive AND reproduce?
When a large population is drastically reduced by a non-selective event such as a natural disaster.
What is the bottleneck effect?
Remains or traces of past organisms
What are fossils?
Scientists believe we are in the middle of the _______ mass extinction.
What is 6th?
Change in the genetic makeup of a population over time; descent with modification
What is evolution?
The selective breeding of domesticated plants and animals to encourage the occurrence of desirable traits
What is artificial selection?
The transfer of alleles into or out of a population due to fertile individuals or gametes
What is gene flow?
The initial stage of development for multicellular organisms.
What is an embryo?
Reduced hybrid viability
Reduced hybrid fertility
Hybrid breakdown
What are post-zygotic barriers ?
The frequency of the homozygous recessive genotype.
What is q2?
The English naturalist who came up with the theory of evolution by natural selection.
Who is Charles Darwin?
Forms new alleles
What are mutations?
A period of little or no morphological change within a species (lineage) over a long period of time.
What is stasis?
Name at least three types of pre-zygotic barriers.
What are habitat, temporal, behavioral, mechanical and gametic?
The most accurate data to use in phylogeny.
What is molecular homologies (DNA and amino acid sequences)?
Favors unique and showy traits in order to attract a mate
What is sexual selection?
All copies of every type of allele in a population
What is a gene pool?
Structures that are conserved even though they no longer have a use in present day organisms.
What are vestigial structures?
A new species evolves while still inhabiting the same geographic region as the ancestral species
What is sympatric isolation?
All 5 conditions that need to be met for Hardy Weinberg equilibrium.
What is...
1. Random mating
2. Large population
3. No migration (no gene flow)
4. No mutations
5. No natural selection
Draw and label a graph for each type of selection.
What is 3 correct graphs?
Stabilizing - peak in the center
Directional - peak moves in ONE direction
Disruptive - TWO peaks one on each side
The result of many fixed alleles in a population.
What is less genetic diversity?
2 pieces of evidence that supports the endosymbiotic theory.
What is the mitochondria and chloroplast have two membranes?
What is the mitochondria and chloroplast have their own circular DNA?
What is the mitochondria and chloroplast have their own ribosomes?
What is the mitochondria and chloroplast are capable of replicating without the cell?
When evolution occurs rapidly after a long period of stasis
What is punctuated equilibrium?
Proposes that RNA could have been the earliest genetic material
What is the RNA World Hypothesis?