Selection & Evolution
This kind of selection is done by humans who select for the traits they want in plants and animals.
What is artificial selection?
These variables represent the individuals who are homozygous dominant and those that are heterozygous.
what is p2 and 2pq?
This kind of evidence compares bones structures to show similar structures and development but different function.
What are homologous structures?
This process decreases the amount of biodiversity by eliminating a species
What is extinction?
This driver of evolution is due to a change in an organism's DNA sequence.
What are mutations?
This is another term to describe an organism's reproductive success in relation to their environment.
What is fitness (best fit for their environment, not fit for their environment, etc)?
These are the two most closely related species in this phylogenetic tree.
What are kangaroo and elephant?
When comparing DNA sequences, two species having the least amount of differences shows us this.
What is more closely related?
This type of isolation is due to differences in mating seasons.
What is temporal isolation?
This driver of evolution is often caused by natural disaster.
What is genetic drift / bottleneck effect?
A trait that provides an advantage for an organism based on its environment is also referred to as this.
What is adaptation?
These species developed mammary glands according the the phylogenetic tree.
What are platypus, kangaroo, and elephant?
This type of evidence is the strongest evidence as of present times
What is molecular / biochemical / genetic (DNA, amino acid, or protein) evidence.
This type of isolation causes offspring of two species to be infertile.
What is hybrid sterility?
This driver of evolution is caused by migration.
What is gene flow?
Natural selection requires these four factors in order to occur.
What are:
Competition
Variation in traits that are heritable
Many offspring produced in the hopes that some are able to survive and reproduce
Survival of the “fittest” - those with the best adaptations / traits for their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce, thus passing on their traits.
This is the outgroup of the phylogenetic tree.
What is angelfish?
These structures may not be used by an organism anymore, but they are still present and can give evidence of previous use.
What are vestigial structures?
This type of speciation occurs when a population is physically separated.
What is habitat / geographical isolation or allopatric speciation?
What is sexual selection?
The availability of water or air is also referred to as this kind of selective pressure.
What is abiotic?
These are the five conditions needed for a population to be in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.
What are: no mutations, no sexual selection (random mating), no migration, no natural selection, and large population (no genetic drift).
This type of evidence shows convergent evolution, where animals are more distantly related and have developed different structures for similar functions
What are analogous structures?
This type of speciation includes all forms of isolation that prevent species from interbreeding when in the same location.
What is sympatric speciation?
This driver of evolution is caused by the environment determining those that are best fit to survive and reproduce, while those that are not best fit may not survive long enough to reproduce.
What is natural selection?