Natural and Artificial Selection
Is natural selection a theory or a law?
a theory
What are the three types of selection?
1. Directional
2. Stabilizing
3. Disruptive
What are at least 3 of the 5 conditions for a population to be in equilibrium?
1. Large population
2. No genetic drift
3. No mutations
4. Random mating
5. No natural selection
If a population has a recessive allele frequency of 0.25, what is the dominant allele frequency?
p = 0.75
Where did Darwin study/collect most the subjects that lead to his ideas for natural selections?
the Galapagos Islands
Who came up with the idea of natural selection?
Charles Darwin
What does directional selection select for?
one extreme
What are at least 3 of the 5 conditions for a population to be evolving?
1. Small Population
2. Genetic Drift
3. Mutations
4. Nonrandom Mating
5. Natural Selection
What does "p2" represent in the following equation?
p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1
the frequency of the homozygous dominant genotype in a population
What ship did Darwin travel around the world on to study as a naturalist?
The HMS Beagle
What is the selective agent in natural selection?
nature/environment
What does stabilizing selection select for?
the middle/median phenotypes
If a population adapts to an environmental change, this is violating which of the five conditions for a population to be in equilibrium?
No Natural Selection/Natural selection
What does "q2" represent in the following equation?
p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1
the frequency of the homozygous recessive genotype in a population
Which of the following can evolve?
a. populations
b. species
c. individuals
populations and species
What is the selective agent in artificial selection?
humans
What does disruptive selection select for?
both extremes
If a small group leaves a larger group and has less genetic variation, which condition is being violated for the population to be in equilibrium?
No Genetic Drift/Genetic Drift
What does "2pq" represent in the following equation?
p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1
the frequency of the heterozygous genotype in a population
Can natural selection act on acquired traits?
No - natural selection can only act on genetic/inherited traits
What is the general term for what we use to measure reproductive success that leads to natural selection?
fitness
Which type of selection will sometimes lead to two different species forming?
disruptive selection
If females in a species of bird prefers the male with the largest tail plumage, this is violating which of the conditions for the population to be in equilibrium?
Random mating/Nonrandom mating
How do we test if a population is evolving?
the chi-squared test
Who was the person who had the same ideas as Darwin on natural selection around the same time?
Alfred Wallace