1
This group believed that any Muslim could be Caliph
What is a Sunni?
Shia Muslims
What is the first official Muslim Dynasty ?
Umayyad
Rashidun---> Umayyad--> Abbasid
"Struggle in the way of God"
Jihad
this group backed Abu Bakr because he was Muhammad's close friend and had leadership skills
Sunni Muslims
Caliph
The first four caliphs are traditionally referred to as...
Rightly guided or Rashidun in Arabic
Definition: "Holder of power", the military and political head of state under the Seljuk Turks and the Ottomans
Sultan
How did Islam spread through Africa?
mostly through trade.
Considered the holy text for Muslims
Quran
What is the pilgrimage to Mecca made by Muslims called?
Hajj
Which Caliphate moves the capital to Baghdad?
Abbasid
The name for the migration Muhammad made from Mecca to Medina to escape persecution
Hijra
What direction do Muslim's face when praying?
Towards the city of Mecca
Differing from the Umayyad caliph, whose main focus was expansion, the Abbasid rulers focused on ---
administration
The Abbasid Caliphate learned these skills from China
How to make fine silk, woodblock printing, gunpower cannons
the capital of the Caliphate during the Umayyad period?
What is Damascus?
The Rashidun Caliphate conquered large amounts of territory that once belonged to these two empires
Byzantine and Sasanian
Who was the leader of the Caliphate?
The Caliph
Large traveling groups of merchants and their goods
What were caravans?
What caused the Sunni and Shia Sectarianism?
after Muhammad's death, there was conflict among the people as to who should rule. The two major spoken opinions split and both followed their preferred reign of succession
What made the Islamic Empires culturally; ethnically diverse?
-large and growing populations
-Arab/Islamic rulers
-expansion into ethnically different regions
What was the role to the Turks in the growth of the Islamic civilization in the thirteenth century?
The Turks were hired as mercenary soldiers to defend the caliphate, but they eventually sized geographic and political control of Baghdad.
How did the location of the Islamic empire influence trade with other civilizations?