Byzantine Empire (Eastern Rome)
A popular movement to ban icons (holy images) from religious buildings and rituals resulted in the Byzantine Empire splitting from the Catholic church in the West and forming the Eastern Orthodox Christian church.
What was the Great Schism of 1054?
The people who wreaked havoc and attacked Western Europe and its failing cities after the fall of Rome (causing them to move to the countryside, or rural areas).
The Year in which the Roman Empire fell, which was one of the reason for the beginning of the "dark ages" (first period of the middle ages where feudalism began).
What is 476?
This Crusade resulted in the capturing of Jerusalem and the creation of the (short-lived) Christian state of Palestine.
What is the First Crusade?
Emperor Constantine converts to Christianity moves the capital to Constantinople.
What is 330 CE (AD)?
A code of laws, which included the famous 12 Tables from the old Roman Empire, and became a major influence on the Western civilization legal system.
What is the Justinian Law Code?
Another term for feudalism, in where a self-sufficient agricultural estate and economic system of the rural economy in which peasants worked the land for a lord.
What is Manorialism?
A Fief.
What was the land that vassals were given called?
the reason the Catholic Church and Christendom claimed to have to allow them to take Jerusalem as their Holy Land.
What is the Crucifixion and Ressurection of Jesus Christ?
Emperor Justinian and Empress Theodora began their Reign during this year.
What is 527 CE
She held political office, participated in the planning of the Hagia Sophia and other churches, as well as added numerous laws to protect common women's rights to the Justinian Code.
Who was Empress Theodora?
A peasant legally bound to the land who had to provide labor services, pay rents, and be subject to the lord’s control (NOT a slave…but close!)
They owned the land and everything on it, and would create contracts for knights and serfs/peasants to live or work it.
Who are Lords and Ladies?
This increased as a result of the Crusades between Christians, Muslims, and Jews (Besides increased trade).
What is Religious intolerance?
Emperor Leo III bans religious icons in churches and homes in the Byzantine Empire during this year, angering the Pope in Rome.
What is 730 CE?
The Emperor was the head of the state AND church in the Byzantine Empire (Eastern Rome)...although he did appoint this person to run the day to day business of the church...
Who is a Patriarch?
Another name for a farming serf who enters into a contract with a Lord or Lady to work their land in exchange for protection and shelter.
What is a Villien?
A political and social order of mutual obligation in which nobles offered protection and land in exchange for service and loyalty. This system developed during the Middle Ages when central governments could no longer protect their subjects.
What is Feudalism?
One of the three incentives that Pope Urban II used to try to get people to join up for the Crusades (name one).
Acceptable:
1. What are indulgences? (He promised forgiveness of all past sins and salvation)
2. What is to fight back the "barbarian" Muslims and protect the Kingdom of Christ
3. What is God commands it (through the Pope)?
What is 500 - 1500 CE?
This closely guarded secret weapon allowed the Byzantines to win both on land and at sea.
What is Greek fire?
What is the Fourth Crusade (1202-1204)
the code of behavior followed by knights; it involved honor, being courageous, and protecting the weak.
What is Chivalry?
The Muslim General who defeated two out of three Monarchs (Kings) and negotiated with the remaining one (Richard the Lionheart) during the Third Crusade.
Who was Saladin?
The year in which Pope Urban II called for the first Crusade, which resulted in the capturing of Christian take over of Jerusalem.
What was 1095?