Revolution & Reform
This was the main disagreement between liberals and conservatives in the early 1800s.
Leadership; whether leaders should be elected
This action by King Charles X helped spark the Revolution of 1830
Suspending democratic rights
This was the main goal of Otto von Bismarck
To unify Germany
This statesman worked secretly with France to push Austria out of northern Italy.
Camillo di Cavour
This condition caused discontent among Russian workers
Miserable industrial working conditions
This common goal united revolutions across the Austrian Empire.
Demanding political power and protections for basic rights
This division split France's Second Republic from the start
Liberals vs. Socialists over reform
This phrase describes Bismarck's strategy of using military strength.
"Blood and Iron"
This was why Klemens von Metternich thought Italian unification was impossible.
Italy being culturally and economically divided for centuries
This ruler argues it was better to abolish serfdom before revolt occurred
Alexander II
This was a major reason most uprisings failed in 1848.
Military force used against revolutionaries
This policy of Napoleon III contributed to France's defeat by Germany.
Pursuing foreign military adventures rather than alliances.
This was the main message of the "Blood and Iron" speech.
Increasing Prussia's military power
This worried Cavour about Giuseppe Garibaldi
Fear he would create a separate republic
This best explains Alexander II's reasoning about serfdom
Fear of peasant uprising
This leader was the chief architect of the conservative settlement after the Congress of Vienna
Klemens von Metternich
These governments during the Third Republic were unstable for this reason.
Coalitions of governing political parties fell apart
This political party aimed to improve conditions of workers
German Social Democratic Party
This problem continued after Italy unified
Regional differences
This effect of industrialization helped spark revolution
Poor working conditions creating unrest
This factor contributed most directly to the rise of German unification
Napoleon's military campaigns
This event divided French society between royalists/church supporters and liberals/republicans.
Dreyfus Affair
This action helped Germany increase its power in the late 1800s.
Expanding overseas
This action by Victor Emmanuel II helped contain unrest
Extending voting rights and instituting social reforms
This broader idea spread unrest across empires
nationalism