Mendelian Mix Up
Dominant alleles are represented by these types of letters.
What is a capital letter?
In cats, short hair (H) is dominant over long hair (h). In a cross of a homozygous short hair with a long haired cat, the percentage of offspring having short hair would be this.
What is 100%?
Pink roses are made by breeding red roses with white roses. This is an example of this form of non-Mendelian genetics.
What is incomplete dominance?
DNA is replicated in this phase of the cell cycle.
What is S phase?
A gamete of an alligator contains 16 chromosomes, so a somatic cell must have this number of chromsomes.
What is 32?
In a brown-eyed individual, Bb is said to be this phenotype, where brown (B) is dominant to blue (b).
What is a heterozygous?
In humans, brown hair is dominant to blonde hair. If two homozygous brown hair individuals had children, this would be the predicted percentage of offspring with blonde hair.
What is 0%?
In an instance of incomplete dominance, wavy hair is caused by being heterozygous for straight hair and curly hair. Therefore, the genotype would this. (HINT two letters).
What is SC? (S for straight and C for curly).
These are changes to DNA. While not all of them have affects on an organism, some can lead to new phenotypes that have never before existed.
What is a mutation?
This type of mutation is demonstrated by the following change.
Wild type sequence:
AAGATTACAGGG
Mutated Sequence:
AACATTACAGGG
What is a point substitution?
The physical description of an individual, which is influenced by the alleles they have.
What is phenotype?
Red roses and white roses can be crossed to create pink roses. In a cross between two pink roses, this would be the ratio of phenotypes.
What is 1:2:1 red to pink to white?
Roan cows are an example of this type of inheritance where alleles are coexpressed in an individual.
What is codominance?
This is DNA's shape, described as a twisting ladder with rungs held together by hydrogen bonds between nucleotide base pairs.
What is a double helix?
A red blood cell has 20% O2 inside. The lungs have 50% O2, so the oxygen will move this direction.
What is into the red blood cell?
F1 refers to the offspring or inside of a Punnett square while this refers to the parent generation.
What is F0?
A couple is having a child. The father has type O blood and the mother is heterozygous for type A blood. When the child is born, they have type AB blood. Using a punnet square, show how this is not possible.
There are no type B alleles, so the mother must have cheated with an individual who has type B or type AB blood.
Some traits are coded by multiple genes, which is described as this kind of inheritance.
What is polygenic inheritence?
DNA is coded into RNA and RNA is the coded into protein. The overall creation proteins from DNA is referred to as this process.
What is gene expression?
What is substrate specificity?
This law, described by the work of Gregor Mendel, described genes as being unaffected by one another.
What is the law of independent assortment?
In a pea plants tall (T) is dominant to short (t). Two randoms pea plants are crossed together, one tall and one short. If 50% of the plants in F1 generation are short and 50% are tall, then the parents must have had these genotypes.
What are Tt and tt?
Blood typing is based on the presence of antigens on the red blood cells. While type O is recessive, A and B follow a non-Mendelian form of genetics. Someone with the genotype IAIB would have this phenotype.
What is type AB blood?
DNA undergoes this process in Meiosis 1 only, during which chromosomes exchange pieces of DNA, creating new combinations of alleles.
What is crossing over?
Chromosomes containing the same genes but from different parents are said to be this.
What is homologous?